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[classical score playing]

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[Pete Evans speaks]

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[jazz music playing]

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When you look at every
other species on our planet...

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they all control
their weight automatically.

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The only exception was us...

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and any animal unfortunate
enough to be fed by us.

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I just couldn't understand
why we were the exception.

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Why did we require willpower,

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and everything else
did it on autopilot?

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So I applied
the only relevant skill I had,

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which was looking at evidence,

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and I found there was
very little evidence

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for the standard eating advice
we are normally given,

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and there was
a whole stream of evidence

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which had been largely ignored.

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In fact, what we have
been taught about nutrition

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is dangerously wrong.

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Who can tell me how
Yolngu people die today?

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[people chattering]

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[woman]
Heart disease.

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[Tim Trudgen]
So, heart disease, yeah.

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-[woman 2] Liver disease.
-[Tim] Liver disease.

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-[woman 3] Asthma.
-Asthma. Yeah.

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-Diabetes.
-[Tim] Diabetes.

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-Yes!
-How many of you
have diabetes?

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A lot!

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[Tim]
Probably half
the people here have diabetes.

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Yeah?

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[Tim]
Diabetes, heart disease,

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high blood pressure,
kidney disease--

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all what we call
chronic diseases.

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When did those diseases start?

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1970s... late '70s, '80s...

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So before that,
people were dying from...?

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-[woman] Hepatitis.
-[Tim] Hepatitis.

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-[woman 2] Pneumonia.
-Pneumonia.

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-[woman 3] TB.
-TB.

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They're all
the infectious diseases.

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[Tim]
These are the ones
that came with the Europeans.

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-[chattering]
-[Tim] Bacteria.
Infectious diseases.

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-Yes, yes.
-[Tim] If we go back further...

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How about the time
before the Europeans came?

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[speaking Yolngu Matha]

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Fighting...
One person kills another.

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[Tim]
People died from fighting.

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Accidents...

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Sharks... Crocodiles...

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-[Tim] What's the main one?
-Old age.

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-Old age.
-Old age.

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[speaking Yolngu Matha]

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[jazz music playing]

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[Michelle]
I had this label
that I'm a fat girl.

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I am overweight.

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I have asthma.
I've always had asthma.

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I have a rescue inhaler,

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and then I have
a maintenance inhaler.

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My rescue inhaler is becoming,
like a regular inhaler.

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where I use it
two or three times a day.

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-[Amy] Okay.
-[Michelle] And I've just
gotten used to it now.

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And I've been in the hospital
a couple of times for asthma,

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where it got really bad.

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When people talk
about wellness and health,

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and "Are you well?
How do you feel?"

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My automatic pilot is always,
"I'm great!"

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My vision is getting
worse and worse, very rapidly.

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I had three fibroids,
and one was really big.

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Upper respiratory infection.

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They put me
on broad-spectrum antibiotics,

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mega doses of prednisone,
azithromycin.

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And so, I have
this standing prescription.

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I'll just take it myself.
I was also diagnosed with ADD.

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I don't know if that came up
anywhere on there.

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-This is really important,
so we missed the ADD.
-Yeah.

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-[laughter]
-I'm like, "Oh,
and incidentally..."

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-[Robert]
"Oh, and by the way..."

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[jazz music playing]

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[Michelle]
I remember when I was little,

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my mom taught me
to write a letter

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"Dear Cathy,
how are you?

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I am fine."

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Like, those were
the three things
I learned first.

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"How are you? I am fine."

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And I'm still doing that,
but I'm not fine!

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This is levothyroxine.

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I take one a day for my thyroid.

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This is atorvastatin.

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It's for my high cholesterol.

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This is fenofibric,
tizanidine, duloxetine--

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I take that for anxiety.
Hydrocodone,

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cyclobenzaprine,
gabapentin tablets--

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That's supposed to make
your brain process pain
in a different way.

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This is also for my thyroid.
This is for my neck pain.

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These are muscle relaxers.

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And that's my medication,
which I think is more
than enough.

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My mom struggled
with weight her whole life.

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She created me
to be an emotional eater.

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Somebody was picking
on me at school.

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"Come on,
let's go get an ice cream."

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Something happened
good in school,

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"Oh, let's go out
and celebrate.

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We'll go to Mickey D's,"
you know.

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And I ended up doing
the same thing with my kids

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and my grandkids.

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My mom finally developed

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the Alzheimer's
and the dementia,

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and I saw
the progression

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of the disease
from start to finish.

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And you know,
I forget things now,

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and I can't think of words,

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and I start thinking,
"Oh, my God."

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[crying]

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You know?
"I'm-- I'm the same way.

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I've gotten to be
the same way."

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You know?

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[screams]

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[shouts]

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[Debbie]
This is a vicious cycle
that needs to be stopped.

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Kim, my daughter,
she has arthritis.

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She has lymphodema.
She has hypothyroid.

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Her daughter,
Kaylee, is nine.

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She has celiac's disease.

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Barry's children
are five and four,

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Barry and Lauren,
my son and daughter-in-law,

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they have a daughter,
Abigail, who's five.

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[female nurse]
Abigail? You want
to come back with me?

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Okay, sweetheart.
Just step right up here.

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[Debbie]
She has autism.
She's nonverbal.

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She has epilepsy.
She has central sleep apnea.

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No, no, no, no, no, no.

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-No, no.
-[Abigail moans]

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[Debbie]
She has digestive problems.

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[female doctor]
Any trouble urinating?

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Any trouble
with bowel movements?

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-She has constipation.
-Constipation.

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She's on the MiraLAX daily
for that?

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-Yeah. Yeah.
-[woman] Okay.

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[Barry] The hardest part--

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it's just having a child
that can't speak.

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I know my wife feels
the same way.

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That's-- To me, that's like
the most painful part.

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-Abigail.
-Abs.

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-Look. Look over here.
-Abigail.

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[Barry]
Abigail seems like
she's doing really well,

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and then she'll get tired,
and she'll have a whole
bunch of seizures.

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And it's like
she's forgotten everything.

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It's like her brain
resets itself.

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-Playing music?
-Yeah.

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[Barry]
It's really the seizures
that compounds her autism.

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We're counting,
on average, about 50 a day,

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so she's getting
a great big cocktail of garbage.

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This stuff's pretty mild
compared to this stuff.

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This is called Onfi.

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This stuff here is--
it's over $1,000 a bottle.

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My insurance covers 70%, so...

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I get the joy of only paying
over $300 a month

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-just for this stuff.
-[girl squeals]

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[Robert Tate]
Have you noticed
any improvement with it?

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We have. Otherwise, believe me--

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[laughs]
For over $300 a month?

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She would've been off of it
a long time ago.

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The whole situation
makes me mad,

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but mostly just because
how many six-year-old kids

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are these neurologists putting
on these heavy narcotics?

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I mean, this is as bad

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as if you were to go buy
heroin off of the street,

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and that's the first thing

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that these doctors are trained
to offer the kids.

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That's it. Good job.

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[Barry]
I hate it.

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The lump in my throat

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as I was reading
the side effects, man.

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I mean, "May cause harm
to yourself or others.

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"May have rashy,
irritated skin.

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May cause sleeplessness."

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And, like, I've seen
my daughter

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have some
of these side effects.

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[moans]

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[Barry]
We're gonna need a lot
of help for sure. I just...

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I have no idea.

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-I have no idea
how we're gonna do it.
-[Robert] Do what?

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Switch her diet.

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She refuses
just about everything
except for, like...

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the Goldfish and Doritos.

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So...

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[jazz music playing]

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I just don't know.
I don't know what

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it's gonna be like.
I may get overwhelmed with it.

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-[hisses]
-[inhales]

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But I'm truly
at a point in my life

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where I'm afraid.

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I'm afraid that my chips
have run out.

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You breathe it in,
and then you hold it,

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and then you breathe out.

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That's how that works.

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I'm scared.
I'm genuinely scared.

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[Robert] Debbie, you're about
to change your diet.

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00:10:06,960 --> 00:10:10,040
-What are you most afraid of?
-Failure.

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-B-b-b!
-[chuckles]

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B-b-b!

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00:10:32,720 --> 00:10:35,320
Wishing for luck...

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00:10:35,320 --> 00:10:36,640
Yes.

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[shudders, laughs]

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00:10:42,320 --> 00:10:44,120
[Nora Gedgaudas]
We are all physiologically

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00:10:44,120 --> 00:10:46,480
and genetically
hunter-gatherers.

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We've only been consuming
an agriculturally-based diet now

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00:10:52,560 --> 00:10:55,600
for maybe 500 generations or so

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00:10:55,600 --> 00:10:58,480
versus more
than 100,000 generations--

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00:10:58,480 --> 00:11:01,720
not 100,000 years,
but 100,000 generations--

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00:11:01,720 --> 00:11:04,800
on a largely meat-
and fat-based diet.

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00:11:06,480 --> 00:11:09,560
We have the brains that we do
because of the enormous amount

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00:11:09,560 --> 00:11:13,320
of fat that we consumed
as a species throughout
our evolutionary history.

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00:11:14,880 --> 00:11:18,000
Suddenly now, we're eating
a carbohydrate-based diet,

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00:11:18,000 --> 00:11:19,800
and in the last
13 or so generations,

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00:11:19,800 --> 00:11:22,240
since this thing called
the industrial revolution,

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00:11:22,240 --> 00:11:25,000
this has just gone down
a slippery slope.

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00:11:26,640 --> 00:11:29,480
[Richard Trudgen] You are
the oldest culture on earth,

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00:11:29,480 --> 00:11:31,040
is Yolngu culture.

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00:11:31,040 --> 00:11:33,720
Forty-thousand years.

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00:11:33,720 --> 00:11:35,800
So anybody that
has a go at us,

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00:11:35,800 --> 00:11:37,400
don't talk to us
unless you've got

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00:11:37,400 --> 00:11:39,800
40,000 years of research.
Yeah?

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00:11:39,800 --> 00:11:42,400
The American
scientific expedition that came

224
00:11:42,400 --> 00:11:45,240
to Arnhem Land in 1948
showed that Yolngu people

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were extremely robust.

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00:11:47,320 --> 00:11:49,760
No chronic disease, great teeth,

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00:11:49,760 --> 00:11:52,840
well-built, muscular.

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I remember the Yolngu
in the '70s-- rippled muscles.

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They were like supermen.

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00:12:00,480 --> 00:12:02,440
I came back in '83

231
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to see a population
that was decimated.

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00:12:06,240 --> 00:12:08,400
This chronic disease tsunami

233
00:12:08,400 --> 00:12:11,760
that is now wiping
across the Yolngu population.

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00:12:11,760 --> 00:12:14,400
[people chattering]

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00:12:14,400 --> 00:12:17,520
[Kama Trudgen]
Funerals are just this
constant part of life here,

236
00:12:17,520 --> 00:12:19,720
where you finish one,
and then the next one arrives

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00:12:19,720 --> 00:12:22,320
and then the next one arrives
and you can kind of get
a funeral fatigue.

238
00:12:22,320 --> 00:12:26,280
-6.3.
-6.3. [speaks Yolngu Matha]

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00:12:26,280 --> 00:12:28,520
[Kama]
And all of life is needing to be

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00:12:28,520 --> 00:12:30,680
reorganized around that.

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00:12:34,280 --> 00:12:37,000
There are definitely still
people are alive today

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00:12:37,000 --> 00:12:39,080
who, as they were growing up,

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00:12:39,080 --> 00:12:41,360
were living
a traditional lifestyle.

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00:12:41,360 --> 00:12:43,440
We're running out
of those people.

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Everybody died.
My friends have all gone.

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00:13:03,600 --> 00:13:05,640
Even my best friends.

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00:13:05,640 --> 00:13:07,520
They're not with me anymore.

248
00:13:09,480 --> 00:13:11,880
-[Robert] Life's not supposed
to be like that.
-No. No.

249
00:13:17,600 --> 00:13:19,600
[Robert]
Yuranydjil, can you
tell me, in your own words,

250
00:13:19,600 --> 00:13:22,120
why, why are you here
at this retreat?

251
00:13:22,120 --> 00:13:25,480
-Boy, I can't talk
when I'm walking.
-Okay, fair enough.

252
00:13:25,480 --> 00:13:29,000
Maybe down on the beach
when I'm sitting down, I will.

253
00:13:30,840 --> 00:13:33,120
I think my body,

254
00:13:33,120 --> 00:13:35,960
maybe weren't built
to do some walks,

255
00:13:35,960 --> 00:13:37,920
or...I don't know.

256
00:13:40,240 --> 00:13:42,360
I remember
when I was a little girl

257
00:13:42,360 --> 00:13:45,000
I used to come
with my grandfather.

258
00:13:45,000 --> 00:13:47,400
We'd be walking
along this beach.

259
00:13:50,120 --> 00:13:53,640
And every night he'd,
he'd share stories.

260
00:13:53,640 --> 00:13:58,000
He would tell me,
"This is the way to go.

261
00:14:00,800 --> 00:14:02,880
"This is what you eat.

262
00:14:02,880 --> 00:14:04,200
"Don't eat this.

263
00:14:04,200 --> 00:14:06,280
"This is nice,
but this is bad.

264
00:14:06,280 --> 00:14:08,240
"Don't touch this.
Don't eat this.

265
00:14:08,240 --> 00:14:10,760
It's not even food.
It's "nhangining."

266
00:14:10,760 --> 00:14:13,360
"Nhangining"
meaning "non-edible."

267
00:14:13,360 --> 00:14:16,000
Even those red and black beads,

268
00:14:16,000 --> 00:14:18,600
they're pretty to make
a good necklace,

269
00:14:18,600 --> 00:14:20,080
but it's not good to eat.

270
00:14:20,080 --> 00:14:21,600
It's "nhangining."

271
00:14:21,600 --> 00:14:24,480
[chattering]

272
00:14:24,480 --> 00:14:27,480
[Kama]
So much has been done
to Yolngu people

273
00:14:27,480 --> 00:14:30,600
to send the message
that they are inferior

274
00:14:30,600 --> 00:14:33,280
and that whatever is going on
in the dominant culture

275
00:14:33,280 --> 00:14:35,120
is more powerful and superior.

276
00:14:35,120 --> 00:14:38,120
And that definitely applies
to people's perception of food.

277
00:14:38,120 --> 00:14:40,160
[Tim]
This one's got caffeine.

278
00:14:40,160 --> 00:14:43,120
[Kama]
Coca-Cola is something that's
frequently drunk for breakfast.

279
00:14:43,120 --> 00:14:46,520
It's something frequently given
to really small children
for breakfast.

280
00:14:46,520 --> 00:14:48,400
A lot of people
look in on that,

281
00:14:48,400 --> 00:14:51,760
and they think, "Wow.
That family mustn't care
about that child."

282
00:14:51,760 --> 00:14:53,480
But that's coming
from information

283
00:14:53,480 --> 00:14:55,600
that these families
just don't have.

284
00:14:55,600 --> 00:14:57,960
[Tim]
The total carbs in one serving,

285
00:14:57,960 --> 00:15:01,240
28.6 grams,
and a serving's 40 grams.

286
00:15:01,240 --> 00:15:03,560
[Kama]
They believe they're
being loving and caring

287
00:15:03,560 --> 00:15:06,440
to their child
by giving them good food

288
00:15:06,440 --> 00:15:08,360
bought from the dominant
culture's store.

289
00:15:08,360 --> 00:15:11,400
No sugar in this one, but...
[speaks Yolngu Matha]

290
00:15:11,400 --> 00:15:14,320
[Pete Evans]
The Australian government's
pumping millions of dollars

291
00:15:14,320 --> 00:15:16,400
into trying to fix
Aboriginal health,

292
00:15:16,400 --> 00:15:19,880
and here's
these two individuals

293
00:15:19,880 --> 00:15:21,600
that have managed to do

294
00:15:21,600 --> 00:15:23,240
what they're trying to do
on a large scale.

295
00:15:23,240 --> 00:15:24,680
[speaks Yolngu Matha]

296
00:15:24,680 --> 00:15:27,800
[Pete]
What they're managing
to do is to say,

297
00:15:27,800 --> 00:15:30,760
"The way you had it
before white person came

298
00:15:30,760 --> 00:15:32,520
was actually the right way."

299
00:15:34,600 --> 00:15:37,520
We have ancient wisdom,
and we have modern wisdom,

300
00:15:37,520 --> 00:15:39,200
and I think the two
need to work

301
00:15:39,200 --> 00:15:41,640
harmoniously together,
in balance.

302
00:15:46,440 --> 00:15:48,840
[Robert]
So in the philosophy
of Hope for Health,

303
00:15:48,840 --> 00:15:50,320
what is good food?

304
00:15:50,320 --> 00:15:51,920
Good food is food
that is grounded

305
00:15:51,920 --> 00:15:53,960
in the tradition
of Aboriginal people.

306
00:15:53,960 --> 00:15:56,600
This is the Yolngu way
of cooking.

307
00:15:58,400 --> 00:16:01,160
[Robert]
And how might that translate
to the rest of us?

308
00:16:01,160 --> 00:16:03,200
[Tim]
Umm, it's basically...

309
00:16:04,880 --> 00:16:07,680
meat and vegetables. Okay?

310
00:16:07,680 --> 00:16:09,680
Meat and vegetables
that come from a place

311
00:16:09,680 --> 00:16:12,400
that is closest
to its natural state.

312
00:16:13,560 --> 00:16:15,080
[chirping]

313
00:16:15,080 --> 00:16:17,360
[serene music playing]

314
00:16:17,360 --> 00:16:19,400
[David Perlmutter]
Years ago, there was
a commercial

315
00:16:19,400 --> 00:16:21,200
for a particular margarine.

316
00:16:21,200 --> 00:16:24,080
[woman]
That's not margarine.
That's my sweet, creamy butter.

317
00:16:24,080 --> 00:16:26,600
[David] This woman,
who actually turned out
to be Mother Nature,

318
00:16:26,600 --> 00:16:30,160
tasted it, and she said,
"It's not nice to fool
Mother Nature,"

319
00:16:30,160 --> 00:16:32,280
and made lightning happen
and thunder.

320
00:16:32,280 --> 00:16:36,680
The fact is that processed food
is not natural.

321
00:16:36,680 --> 00:16:38,520
That's trying to fool
Mother Nature.

322
00:16:38,520 --> 00:16:40,320
[Debbie]
Should I get the trash bag out?

323
00:16:40,320 --> 00:16:42,160
[Nell Stephenson laughs]
Probably.

324
00:16:42,160 --> 00:16:45,480
[David]
We should be eating
the foods that nature provides,

325
00:16:45,480 --> 00:16:48,640
not that are scientized,
not that factories provide.

326
00:16:48,640 --> 00:16:50,840
Would it be okay if I sat down
on that chair over here?

327
00:16:50,840 --> 00:16:53,320
-Go through the store
without a problem.
-Yeah.

328
00:16:53,320 --> 00:16:54,840
Okay. I'm sorry.

329
00:16:54,840 --> 00:16:56,440
[Robert]
Your mom is the daughter

330
00:16:56,440 --> 00:16:58,000
of my father's sister.

331
00:16:58,000 --> 00:17:01,280
-So, your dad is my mom's uncle.
-That's right.

332
00:17:01,280 --> 00:17:03,360
[Barry]
Dude, everything in there's
gonna have to go.

333
00:17:03,360 --> 00:17:05,760
[Robert]
I think it's probably best
if it does.

334
00:17:05,760 --> 00:17:08,760
Pasta Roni.
What is Pasta Roni?

335
00:17:08,760 --> 00:17:10,600
-[Debbie laughs] Pasta.
-[Nell] I guess.

336
00:17:10,600 --> 00:17:13,280
Even the name in and of itself
tells you how highly processed--

337
00:17:13,280 --> 00:17:15,000
it's somebody's brand name.

338
00:17:15,000 --> 00:17:17,560
-Abigail, get down.
-Any food preferences?

339
00:17:17,560 --> 00:17:19,960
I know you gave me
the three-day diet diary.

340
00:17:19,960 --> 00:17:22,080
-[Barry] Those are
her food preferences.
-[both laugh]

341
00:17:22,080 --> 00:17:25,360
SpaghettiOs, chicken nuggets,

342
00:17:25,360 --> 00:17:27,920
-Goldfish. Doritos.
-Goldfish is the normal--

343
00:17:27,920 --> 00:17:30,920
-[Robert] What about drinks?
-Apple juice.

344
00:17:32,400 --> 00:17:34,920
Apple juice.

345
00:17:34,920 --> 00:17:37,080
[Rangan Chattergee]
We've hijacked our taste buds

346
00:17:37,080 --> 00:17:39,080
with food-like substances

347
00:17:39,080 --> 00:17:41,400
that are not whole food,
that are not real food.

348
00:17:41,400 --> 00:17:44,360
Here's a good one.
Imitation vanilla flavor.

349
00:17:44,360 --> 00:17:47,160
"Propylene glycol, sodium
benzoate, phosphoric acid."

350
00:17:47,160 --> 00:17:49,200
-Doesn't that sound lovely?
-I don't even know what it is.

351
00:17:49,200 --> 00:17:52,200
-Right.
-[Robert] The whole "low fat"
thing is completely wrong,

352
00:17:52,200 --> 00:17:54,360
so we're gonna add
more fat to the diet.

353
00:17:54,360 --> 00:17:56,280
I mean good, natural fats.

354
00:17:56,280 --> 00:17:58,920
That's avocados, olive oil,

355
00:17:58,920 --> 00:18:00,800
meat fats
from pastured animals,

356
00:18:00,800 --> 00:18:03,040
like beef tallow,
duck fat, lard.

357
00:18:03,040 --> 00:18:06,720
[Nina Teicholz]
Having the federal government
get behind the low-fat diet

358
00:18:06,720 --> 00:18:08,960
changed, vastly,
the food system.

359
00:18:08,960 --> 00:18:12,040
You know, companies flooded in
with all their low-fat products,

360
00:18:12,040 --> 00:18:15,000
responding to this huge demand.

361
00:18:15,000 --> 00:18:17,440
[Robert]
One of the most insidious things
the market does for us--

362
00:18:17,440 --> 00:18:19,680
-"Lite. Lite."
-[laughter]

363
00:18:19,680 --> 00:18:23,320
Misspelled "lite" is even worse
than spelled-correctly "light."

364
00:18:23,320 --> 00:18:25,840
Every single day now
we have new-fangled foods

365
00:18:25,840 --> 00:18:27,760
and food-like substances
being introduced.

366
00:18:27,760 --> 00:18:29,840
And then on top of it,
we're genetically modifying

367
00:18:29,840 --> 00:18:31,160
and adding chemicals
and things

368
00:18:31,160 --> 00:18:33,520
that we have
no way of adapting to.

369
00:18:33,520 --> 00:18:35,240
[Nell]
There's added sugar
in everything.

370
00:18:35,240 --> 00:18:36,640
Ketchup-- sugar.

371
00:18:36,640 --> 00:18:39,200
Juice for the grandkids--
sugar, sugar, sugar.

372
00:18:39,200 --> 00:18:41,280
-Corn syrup.
-[Jeff] The applesauce
has corn syrup?

373
00:18:41,280 --> 00:18:43,080
[Nell]
High-fructose corn syrup
is the second ingredient.

374
00:18:43,080 --> 00:18:44,680
[Debbie]
I would've never guessed.

375
00:18:44,680 --> 00:18:47,040
"Fructose"? There's not
gonna be anything in here.

376
00:18:47,040 --> 00:18:48,520
We have found a winner.

377
00:18:48,520 --> 00:18:50,840
You know what? Scratch that.
There's sugar again.

378
00:18:50,840 --> 00:18:52,520
-[Debbie] That's something. Wow.
-Yeah.

379
00:18:52,520 --> 00:18:55,760
Obviously, we will never again
eat cereal in our lives.

380
00:18:55,760 --> 00:18:57,400
[Robert]
Perfect. Get rid of it.

381
00:19:01,760 --> 00:19:05,360
[David] Bread and other
grain-related products
are really worrisome,

382
00:19:05,360 --> 00:19:07,440
"A," because
of their gluten issue,

383
00:19:07,440 --> 00:19:10,880
but most importantly because
of their carbohydrate content.

384
00:19:10,880 --> 00:19:13,640
-I don't even know if we need
to say anything about this.
-Uh, yeah.

385
00:19:13,640 --> 00:19:15,280
-[Nell] Just-- you know.
-[Debbie] Okay.

386
00:19:15,280 --> 00:19:18,440
[William Davis] I call wheat
the "perfect obesogen."

387
00:19:18,440 --> 00:19:21,480
Food perfectly crafted
to make you fat.

388
00:19:21,480 --> 00:19:24,520
Wheat is in all frozen dinners,
all breakfast cereals,

389
00:19:24,520 --> 00:19:26,560
taco seasoning,
seasoning mixes,

390
00:19:26,560 --> 00:19:29,400
instant soup mixes,
canned soup, salad dressings.

391
00:19:29,400 --> 00:19:32,280
In other words,
of the 60,000 products

392
00:19:32,280 --> 00:19:34,480
in the average
supermarket today,

393
00:19:34,480 --> 00:19:37,400
59,000 have wheat.

394
00:19:37,400 --> 00:19:39,360
[Pete]
There is nothing
you can get out of grain

395
00:19:39,360 --> 00:19:41,280
that you can't get
anywhere else.

396
00:19:41,280 --> 00:19:42,960
Not even close, in fact.

397
00:19:42,960 --> 00:19:45,720
Meat, seafood, vegetables,

398
00:19:45,720 --> 00:19:47,680
fruit, nuts, seeds, and eggs

399
00:19:47,680 --> 00:19:49,840
have so much more to give.

400
00:19:49,840 --> 00:19:51,760
"Maple and brown sugar,"
"heart healthy."

401
00:19:51,760 --> 00:19:54,000
-You know that
that can't be right, right?
-[laughs]

402
00:19:54,000 --> 00:19:56,160
[William]
Wheat was added
10,000 years ago,

403
00:19:56,160 --> 00:19:58,320
which sounds like a long time,
'cause it predates

404
00:19:58,320 --> 00:20:00,840
the Egyptian empire,
the Greek empire,
the Roman empire.

405
00:20:00,840 --> 00:20:05,600
But 10,000 years
represents less than
one-half of one percent

406
00:20:05,600 --> 00:20:07,600
of human race's
time on Earth.

407
00:20:07,600 --> 00:20:10,800
[Nina]
We went from a diet
that was 90% meat and fat

408
00:20:10,800 --> 00:20:13,520
to suddenly relying
on grains and legumes

409
00:20:13,520 --> 00:20:15,600
for the very first time
in our evolutionary history.

410
00:20:15,600 --> 00:20:18,280
These all gotta go.
You know, when a label
goes out of its way

411
00:20:18,280 --> 00:20:19,520
to tell you how healthy it is--

412
00:20:19,520 --> 00:20:22,000
"100% whole grain,
reduced fat."

413
00:20:22,000 --> 00:20:24,840
By taking fat out,
you guarantee

414
00:20:24,840 --> 00:20:27,880
that people have to shift
over to high-carbohydrate foods.

415
00:20:27,880 --> 00:20:29,800
That's just what happens.

416
00:20:29,800 --> 00:20:32,800
[David]
Fat is a critically
important part of our diet,

417
00:20:32,800 --> 00:20:36,040
but we've gotta
be super selective,
'cause some fats

418
00:20:36,040 --> 00:20:37,840
are very threatening
to our health.

419
00:20:37,840 --> 00:20:39,680
The reason olive oil
is so good is

420
00:20:39,680 --> 00:20:41,600
because you can get the oil
out of the olive really easily.

421
00:20:41,600 --> 00:20:44,520
It's like cold-pressed
extra virgin olive oil.

422
00:20:44,520 --> 00:20:47,160
But you take something
like this-- this, poison.

423
00:20:47,160 --> 00:20:49,280
[Nina]
In order to make
packaged food,

424
00:20:49,280 --> 00:20:52,160
you need a fat
that's solid and stable.

425
00:20:52,160 --> 00:20:54,040
So, everything
on a supermarket shelf--

426
00:20:54,040 --> 00:20:57,640
cookies, crackers, chips--
need a hard fat, a solid fat.

427
00:20:57,640 --> 00:20:59,240
That's what gives it shelf life.

428
00:20:59,240 --> 00:21:02,720
If you get rid of butter,
suet, tallow, lard--

429
00:21:02,720 --> 00:21:05,320
traditional fats--
as our guidelines told us to do,

430
00:21:05,320 --> 00:21:08,720
what's left?
Hardened vegetable oils,

431
00:21:08,720 --> 00:21:10,760
which is basically trans fats.

432
00:21:13,760 --> 00:21:16,040
We don't want to use
any of the vegetable oils

433
00:21:16,040 --> 00:21:18,840
like corn oil
or safflower oil, soybean oil.

434
00:21:18,840 --> 00:21:22,520
[Kate Shanahan]
Vegetable oils are toxic.
They're industrial oils.

435
00:21:22,520 --> 00:21:25,320
They are foods that
we could not have manufactured

436
00:21:25,320 --> 00:21:26,680
until the industrial era.

437
00:21:26,680 --> 00:21:29,240
There are seeds
that have oil in them

438
00:21:29,240 --> 00:21:31,800
but that don't release
their oil readily,

439
00:21:31,800 --> 00:21:35,520
so you have to use high heat
and solvents to do so.

440
00:21:35,520 --> 00:21:37,600
That totally wrecks
the molecules,

441
00:21:37,600 --> 00:21:39,160
destroys many
of the antioxidants,

442
00:21:39,160 --> 00:21:41,320
It's a mangled,
disgusting, smelly mess.

443
00:21:41,320 --> 00:21:43,440
Every cell in your body
is wrapped in a membrane

444
00:21:43,440 --> 00:21:46,440
that's made out of about
half fat and half protein.

445
00:21:46,440 --> 00:21:48,480
If the fatty acids comprising

446
00:21:48,480 --> 00:21:50,560
your cell membrane
are unnatural,

447
00:21:50,560 --> 00:21:52,800
that cell membrane
cannot function

448
00:21:52,800 --> 00:21:54,600
in the way that
it's supposed to function.

449
00:21:54,600 --> 00:21:56,160
And that's the beginning
of disease.

450
00:21:56,160 --> 00:21:57,800
It starts at the cellular level.

451
00:21:57,800 --> 00:22:01,280
Vegetable oils are acting like
little miniature Trojan horses.

452
00:22:01,280 --> 00:22:04,240
Your body doesn't recognize them
as not natural.

453
00:22:04,240 --> 00:22:06,480
It will make cell membranes,
it will make brain cells,

454
00:22:06,480 --> 00:22:09,280
but it's as if you were
trying to build a house

455
00:22:09,280 --> 00:22:11,200
and your contractor said,

456
00:22:11,200 --> 00:22:13,640
"Um, well, we don't
have any bricks,

457
00:22:13,640 --> 00:22:19,000
"but we do have
these little Styrofoam balls.

458
00:22:19,000 --> 00:22:21,720
-Let's go for it."
-Did the food grow
on the planet?

459
00:22:21,720 --> 00:22:26,200
Did it swim in the water?
Did it run on land? That's food.

460
00:22:26,200 --> 00:22:28,400
[Rangan]
The one question I wish
every single doctor

461
00:22:28,400 --> 00:22:32,080
on this planet
would ask every single one
of their patients is...

462
00:22:32,080 --> 00:22:33,920
"What are you eating?"

463
00:23:15,320 --> 00:23:16,680
[mooing]

464
00:23:51,480 --> 00:23:53,960
[Nell]
We have gotten
a really nice selection

465
00:23:53,960 --> 00:23:55,640
of leafy green vegetables.

466
00:23:55,640 --> 00:23:57,960
You've got some
excellent proteins--

467
00:23:57,960 --> 00:24:01,080
wild salmon, bison--
fresh ginger root.

468
00:24:01,080 --> 00:24:02,800
We have some nice fat choices.

469
00:24:02,800 --> 00:24:04,920
We're gonna be cooking
with some coconut oil

470
00:24:04,920 --> 00:24:06,640
-and lard.
-Okay.

471
00:24:06,640 --> 00:24:09,240
What we're doing is focusing on
things that are natural.

472
00:24:09,240 --> 00:24:10,920
[Pete]
In the western world,

473
00:24:10,920 --> 00:24:13,640
we're not suffering diseases
of underconsumption.

474
00:24:13,640 --> 00:24:15,280
In fact, it's the opposite.

475
00:24:15,280 --> 00:24:17,400
We're suffering diseases
of overconsumption.

476
00:24:17,400 --> 00:24:19,600
And once we get rid
of refined oils,

477
00:24:19,600 --> 00:24:21,800
processed foods,
refined grains,

478
00:24:21,800 --> 00:24:26,160
what we're left with is
vegetables, fruit, nuts, seeds,

479
00:24:26,160 --> 00:24:28,880
meat, seafood,
and good, healthy fats.

480
00:24:28,880 --> 00:24:31,000
And that is what
we should be focusing on.

481
00:24:31,000 --> 00:24:33,360
-Okay, here's the turmeric.
-Yup.

482
00:24:33,360 --> 00:24:35,320
So, we're gonna use
some coconut oil to the pan.

483
00:24:35,320 --> 00:24:37,480
[Debbie]
Yeah. Barry, you know
the pan spray I had?

484
00:24:37,480 --> 00:24:39,280
-[Barry] Mm-hmm.
-[Debbie] Had to throw it out.

485
00:24:39,280 --> 00:24:42,640
[David]
There's no question that
the brain can burn glucose.

486
00:24:42,640 --> 00:24:45,960
What powers the brain
far more efficiently

487
00:24:45,960 --> 00:24:48,760
in terms of its
energy-producing components,

488
00:24:48,760 --> 00:24:51,320
called the mitochondria, is fat.

489
00:24:51,320 --> 00:24:54,200
[Debbie]
So, we're going to get lard
all over our hands?

490
00:24:54,200 --> 00:24:56,000
-[Nell] Yes.
-[Debbie] Okay.

491
00:24:56,000 --> 00:24:59,520
[David]
Our brains thrive
in a fat-burning environment.

492
00:24:59,520 --> 00:25:02,560
Now, technically,
we call this a state of ketosis,

493
00:25:02,560 --> 00:25:04,720
and to get
into a state of ketosis,

494
00:25:04,720 --> 00:25:07,960
one assumes
what is called a ketogenic diet,

495
00:25:07,960 --> 00:25:11,040
which basically means
a diet that's lower in carbs

496
00:25:11,040 --> 00:25:12,560
and higher in fat.

497
00:25:12,560 --> 00:25:16,800
Oh, that smells amazing
with that garlic.

498
00:25:16,800 --> 00:25:19,320
[Robert]
Barry, have you ever cooked
anything like this in your life?

499
00:25:19,320 --> 00:25:21,000
No. [laughs]

500
00:25:21,000 --> 00:25:25,280
Being in a mild state of ketosis
is really the place to be.

501
00:25:25,280 --> 00:25:27,400
[acoustic guitar playing]

502
00:25:51,600 --> 00:25:55,160
[Michelle]
Okay, this is
my first video diary.

503
00:25:55,160 --> 00:25:57,560
I started this new way
of eating today.

504
00:25:57,560 --> 00:26:00,000
I figured since we're
talking about all-natural,

505
00:26:00,000 --> 00:26:04,200
I'm going to torment people
by having on no makeup.

506
00:26:04,200 --> 00:26:07,240
Okay, I know this
is not supposed to be
a big old cooking show,

507
00:26:07,240 --> 00:26:10,800
but here we have
some lamb with the bone in,

508
00:26:10,800 --> 00:26:14,800
and I am sautéing them
in some coconut oil,

509
00:26:14,800 --> 00:26:18,000
and the green you see is
kale that I just removed.

510
00:26:18,000 --> 00:26:20,280
And I made
some riced cauliflower,

511
00:26:20,280 --> 00:26:22,360
so that I can feel
like I'm having carbs.

512
00:26:22,360 --> 00:26:24,920
Bone broth in all of these,
by the way.

513
00:26:24,920 --> 00:26:28,960
Normally, I would just go out
and eat three times a day.

514
00:26:28,960 --> 00:26:30,560
I'm so used
to grabbing and going,

515
00:26:30,560 --> 00:26:32,240
but I am really gonna do this.

516
00:26:32,240 --> 00:26:35,080
I am gonna do this.
I have to do this.

517
00:26:36,600 --> 00:26:38,880
[Abigail crying]

518
00:26:38,880 --> 00:26:40,960
[Emma]
Not gonna eat them.

519
00:26:40,960 --> 00:26:43,200
Emma's convinced
that we are punishing her.

520
00:26:43,200 --> 00:26:45,720
-You want some chicken?
-[Emma] No.

521
00:26:45,720 --> 00:26:47,080
[Barry] No? Why not?

522
00:26:47,080 --> 00:26:49,280
I don't like them!

523
00:26:49,280 --> 00:26:52,920
She's like, "Why are you
taking all of my food away?"

524
00:26:52,920 --> 00:26:55,360
[crying]

525
00:26:55,360 --> 00:26:58,280
[Barry]
"This is mean. I can't eat
macaroni and cheese.

526
00:26:58,280 --> 00:27:01,280
I can't eat chicken nuggets.
I can't eat SpaghettiOs."

527
00:27:01,280 --> 00:27:03,600
-No.
-[Barry] She just
went down the list...

528
00:27:03,600 --> 00:27:07,200
-No.
-...tattering through
this list of, of junk.

529
00:27:07,200 --> 00:27:10,720
I'm just like, "Man, we didn't
feed her anything healthy."

530
00:27:10,720 --> 00:27:12,520
Like, we literally took away

531
00:27:12,520 --> 00:27:15,200
everything that our children
have been eating.

532
00:27:15,200 --> 00:27:18,040
-[crying]
-Okay, okay, don't throw it.

533
00:27:20,520 --> 00:27:22,880
Those are scrambled eggs
on the floor.

534
00:27:22,880 --> 00:27:25,560
She just started
pushing my hand away

535
00:27:25,560 --> 00:27:28,880
as I was sticking
the fork into her mouth.

536
00:27:28,880 --> 00:27:32,120
And then she literally
crawled across the counter

537
00:27:32,120 --> 00:27:35,280
and she grabbed
this bag of Goldfish
that was sitting there.

538
00:27:35,280 --> 00:27:39,880
She ripped it open and just
starts shoveling handfuls

539
00:27:39,880 --> 00:27:42,040
of Goldfish into her mouth.

540
00:27:42,040 --> 00:27:44,520
It reminded me
of when I was a drug addict.

541
00:27:44,520 --> 00:27:47,960
I would get my bag,
and I'd be fiending...

542
00:27:47,960 --> 00:27:51,000
for, for something.
I'd be fiending for a fix.

543
00:27:51,000 --> 00:27:53,200
Oh, for goodness sake.

544
00:27:53,200 --> 00:27:55,960
The first five days,
she starved herself.

545
00:27:55,960 --> 00:27:57,320
She barely ate anything.

546
00:27:57,320 --> 00:28:00,000
Yeah, I'm burnt out, man.
I'm burnt out.

547
00:28:02,560 --> 00:28:05,960
That was the turning point.

548
00:28:05,960 --> 00:28:09,920
She was just, "More, more,
more, more, more." [laughs]

549
00:28:09,920 --> 00:28:11,640
Good job!

550
00:28:11,640 --> 00:28:14,520
I mean, she just was
a bottomless pit.

551
00:28:14,520 --> 00:28:15,960
Abigail's eating coconut.

552
00:28:15,960 --> 00:28:18,480
And from that day forward,
it was like--

553
00:28:18,480 --> 00:28:20,760
she was eating everything
I gave her. Everything.

554
00:28:20,760 --> 00:28:22,720
[woman]
There you go.

555
00:28:22,720 --> 00:28:25,360
[Kate]
Barry texted me the day that
she was eating with a fork.

556
00:28:25,360 --> 00:28:27,920
[Barry]
There you go. Good job!

557
00:28:27,920 --> 00:28:29,920
He texted me that she had
never done that before,

558
00:28:29,920 --> 00:28:32,040
that she was eating
a piece of steak with a fork.

559
00:28:32,040 --> 00:28:35,720
[Barry]
And what is she eating?
Steak and kale!

560
00:28:35,720 --> 00:28:38,520
And, I mean, I was-- I was
literally jumping up and down,

561
00:28:38,520 --> 00:28:40,600
and I think he was too.
I was so happy.

562
00:28:40,600 --> 00:28:43,360
She just took the fork and...
[mimics pop]

563
00:28:43,360 --> 00:28:45,960
stuck the-- stuck the steak
and popped it in her mouth

564
00:28:45,960 --> 00:28:48,200
like she's been doing it
her whole life. It was crazy.

565
00:28:49,400 --> 00:28:51,480
So anyways,
we're doing great.

566
00:28:51,480 --> 00:28:53,120
I'm looking forward
to seeing

567
00:28:53,120 --> 00:28:54,880
where she's at
in another two weeks.

568
00:28:54,880 --> 00:28:58,320
There you go! Good job!

569
00:29:02,320 --> 00:29:05,800
[Lisa Thatcher]
When a little baby's
put in your arms...

570
00:29:05,800 --> 00:29:07,840
and you giggle,
and they giggle back...

571
00:29:08,920 --> 00:29:12,840
this little body
is talking to me

572
00:29:12,840 --> 00:29:14,320
without language,

573
00:29:14,320 --> 00:29:16,400
but talking in their own way.

574
00:29:16,400 --> 00:29:18,040
And the baby lights up.

575
00:29:19,120 --> 00:29:20,600
He never lit up.

576
00:29:22,440 --> 00:29:24,840
We knew from the moment
that he was put in our arms

577
00:29:24,840 --> 00:29:30,320
at two weeks old--
we knew something was amiss.

578
00:29:30,320 --> 00:29:33,280
When he was three,
I decided to put him

579
00:29:33,280 --> 00:29:35,920
on the Specific
Carbohydrate Diet.

580
00:29:35,920 --> 00:29:40,960
Just meat, vegetable,
fruit, nuts, and seeds.

581
00:29:42,440 --> 00:29:45,320
Third day
on Specific Carbohydrate Diet,

582
00:29:45,320 --> 00:29:47,200
he fed himself
for the first time.

583
00:29:47,200 --> 00:29:50,040
Fifth day,
he said his first word.

584
00:29:50,040 --> 00:29:54,120
So I almost
fell over on my chair.

585
00:29:54,120 --> 00:29:57,800
He said, "We come,"
for "welcome." [crying]

586
00:29:57,800 --> 00:30:02,400
'Cause I said, "Thank you."
I would always talk to him.

587
00:30:02,400 --> 00:30:05,040
And it was always
me doing the talking--
us doing the talking.

588
00:30:05,040 --> 00:30:08,240
And he, you know,
wouldn't answer to his name,

589
00:30:08,240 --> 00:30:11,000
all that typical autism stuff.

590
00:30:11,000 --> 00:30:14,400
And I said, "Thank you,"
and he said, "We come."

591
00:30:14,400 --> 00:30:17,200
One of the things, though,
that always bothered me

592
00:30:17,200 --> 00:30:21,400
was that he didn't seem
to be able to stop...

593
00:30:22,400 --> 00:30:26,000
bobbing, rocking...

594
00:30:26,000 --> 00:30:27,840
verbal noises,

595
00:30:27,840 --> 00:30:32,840
and so I was already
beginning to wonder about...

596
00:30:32,840 --> 00:30:34,440
if he needed something more.

597
00:30:41,640 --> 00:30:45,040
[Ryan Lee]
We're at the Shriners Hospitals
for Children in Honolulu.

598
00:30:45,040 --> 00:30:48,680
We take care of children
with brain-based disorders.

599
00:30:48,680 --> 00:30:51,280
Specifically,
we specialize in autism,

600
00:30:51,280 --> 00:30:54,360
ADHD, and other
developmental problems.

601
00:30:54,360 --> 00:30:56,160
Use this hand
and tap your fingers.

602
00:30:56,160 --> 00:30:58,960
[narrates]
Our medical study
involves a clinical trial.

603
00:30:58,960 --> 00:31:00,960
We're investigating not only

604
00:31:00,960 --> 00:31:03,560
if the ketogenic diet
impacts children with autism...

605
00:31:03,560 --> 00:31:05,400
[child]
Do you have any parents?

606
00:31:05,400 --> 00:31:08,080
[Ryan]
...but also how it might
impact children with autism.

607
00:31:08,080 --> 00:31:11,880
To help with their language,
help with their socialization.

608
00:31:11,880 --> 00:31:14,360
We want children to be able

609
00:31:14,360 --> 00:31:17,000
to interact meaningfully
with their families again.

610
00:31:17,000 --> 00:31:18,680
And you put
that one in there,

611
00:31:18,680 --> 00:31:20,560
and you can push it off
with-- Yeah.

612
00:31:20,560 --> 00:31:23,200
[Miki Wong]
The ketogenic diet
and the state of ketosis

613
00:31:23,200 --> 00:31:25,360
changes the metabolism
in the body,

614
00:31:25,360 --> 00:31:27,400
and so instead of using glucose

615
00:31:27,400 --> 00:31:29,920
as your primary, go-to fuel,

616
00:31:29,920 --> 00:31:31,480
the body taps into ketones.

617
00:31:31,480 --> 00:31:34,280
Do you want butter too,
or you're fine?

618
00:31:34,280 --> 00:31:35,880
-I'm okay.
-[Lisa] Yeah.

619
00:31:35,880 --> 00:31:38,960
Ketones are acids
that the body produces from fat.

620
00:31:38,960 --> 00:31:41,840
It cannot be produced
from carbohydrates or sugars.

621
00:31:41,840 --> 00:31:44,720
[Lisa]
He likes coconut oil
all over everything.

622
00:31:44,720 --> 00:31:48,440
[Miki]
And the body uses the ketones
for energy for the brain,

623
00:31:48,440 --> 00:31:51,200
and the free fatty acids
for the muscles.

624
00:31:52,560 --> 00:31:54,840
Good balance.
Open your eyes.

625
00:31:54,840 --> 00:31:56,520
[Ryan] Aaron Thatcher's
been on the ketogenic diet

626
00:31:56,520 --> 00:31:58,400
for approximately six months.

627
00:31:58,400 --> 00:31:59,960
He has seen an improvement

628
00:31:59,960 --> 00:32:02,520
in some of the core features
of his autism,

629
00:32:02,520 --> 00:32:05,120
including
increased socialization,

630
00:32:05,120 --> 00:32:06,760
interaction with his mom...

631
00:32:06,760 --> 00:32:08,120
Just to get him peaceful--

632
00:32:08,120 --> 00:32:09,760
-Yup.
-It is huge.

633
00:32:09,760 --> 00:32:11,600
It brings peace
to the whole family.

634
00:32:11,600 --> 00:32:14,520
And I would say,
you know, our loving
interactions are more.

635
00:32:14,520 --> 00:32:17,560
[Ryan]
Increased independence
and self-care skills,

636
00:32:17,560 --> 00:32:19,400
decrease in his stereotypic

637
00:32:19,400 --> 00:32:21,800
repetitive movements
and behaviors.

638
00:32:21,800 --> 00:32:24,640
[woman]
Aaron, we're going to put
these puzzles together. Okay?

639
00:32:24,640 --> 00:32:27,520
Start with these and I have
some here, and let me know
when you need more.

640
00:32:27,520 --> 00:32:30,280
[Ryan]
As evidenced
by his scores on the ADOS,

641
00:32:30,280 --> 00:32:33,360
he initially, pre-diet,
had an ADOS score of 16,

642
00:32:33,360 --> 00:32:34,680
which is in the high range

643
00:32:34,680 --> 00:32:36,080
for autism.

644
00:32:36,080 --> 00:32:37,880
And on his
three-month follow-up,

645
00:32:37,880 --> 00:32:38,960
had a score of 8.

646
00:32:38,960 --> 00:32:40,440
[woman]
What do you like doing

647
00:32:40,440 --> 00:32:42,080
that makes you feel
happy and cheerful?

648
00:32:42,080 --> 00:32:43,640
Coming here.

649
00:32:43,640 --> 00:32:45,960
[woman]
Coming here?
You like coming here?

650
00:32:45,960 --> 00:32:48,640
Okay. What are
some other things
that make you feel happy?

651
00:32:48,640 --> 00:32:50,440
Taking a bus.

652
00:32:50,440 --> 00:32:52,000
[woman]
Taking a bus. That sounds fun.

653
00:32:52,000 --> 00:32:54,200
Okay. How about things
that you're afraid of?

654
00:32:54,200 --> 00:32:55,800
-Are there things that--
-Turtles.

655
00:32:55,800 --> 00:32:58,160
[woman]
Turtles, like
in the story that we read?

656
00:32:58,160 --> 00:33:00,080
The ocean.

657
00:33:00,080 --> 00:33:03,120
[woman]
Oh. The "honu" in the ocean!
That makes you feel afraid?

658
00:33:03,120 --> 00:33:05,480
[Robert]
I was watching Aaron
take the ADOS,

659
00:33:05,480 --> 00:33:07,920
and there are
questions on the test like,
"What do you find scary?"

660
00:33:07,920 --> 00:33:09,920
-And he said...
-"Turtles."

661
00:33:09,920 --> 00:33:11,520
[Robert]
Great! "A plus," right?

662
00:33:11,520 --> 00:33:13,640
So I said, "Can you say that
in a complete sentence?"

663
00:33:13,640 --> 00:33:16,440
-Given the opportunity,
he probably could.
-[Robert] He did!

664
00:33:16,440 --> 00:33:18,440
-He did? [laughs]
-[Robert] We did give him
the opportunity.

665
00:33:18,440 --> 00:33:20,360
Can you tell me
in a full sentence?

666
00:33:20,360 --> 00:33:23,000
-I'm afraid of turtles.
-[Robert] Awesome.

667
00:33:23,000 --> 00:33:25,720
Tell me in a full sentence,
what makes you feel happy?

668
00:33:25,720 --> 00:33:29,920
-I feel happy I took the bus.
-[Robert] Awesome!

669
00:33:29,920 --> 00:33:31,600
That's more therapeutic

670
00:33:31,600 --> 00:33:33,240
than the question
that we asked him.

671
00:33:33,240 --> 00:33:36,800
-[woman] Do you ever feel sad?
-Mmm.

672
00:33:36,800 --> 00:33:39,600
[woman]
Can you describe what
it's like when you feel sad?

673
00:33:40,760 --> 00:33:43,560
Sometimes I feel lonely.

674
00:33:45,160 --> 00:33:47,720
[Robert]
What makes you feel lonely?

675
00:33:47,720 --> 00:33:49,800
When I be by myself.

676
00:33:49,800 --> 00:33:52,280
-[woman] Ohh. Can you
say that in a full sentence?
-[Robert] Full sentence.

677
00:33:52,280 --> 00:33:55,840
-"I feel..."
-I feel upset

678
00:33:55,840 --> 00:33:59,400
because I'm a lonely...

679
00:34:00,760 --> 00:34:06,520
-person by my...self.
-[Robert] Yeah.

680
00:34:06,520 --> 00:34:09,440
[Ryan]
There's some common
metabolic processes in the body

681
00:34:09,440 --> 00:34:12,040
that exist within every cell
in our body.

682
00:34:12,040 --> 00:34:13,680
If you're taking a medicine,

683
00:34:13,680 --> 00:34:17,040
you're targeting a specific
mechanism within the body.

684
00:34:17,040 --> 00:34:20,120
Whereas, if you approach it more
broadly, such as through food,

685
00:34:20,120 --> 00:34:23,160
we might be able to influence
a variety of organ systems

686
00:34:23,160 --> 00:34:26,440
including the brain,
the pancreas, the liver,

687
00:34:26,440 --> 00:34:30,080
muscle cells,
blood vessels, et cetera...

688
00:34:30,080 --> 00:34:31,640
through one intervention.

689
00:34:36,680 --> 00:34:38,080
And this is not a new thought.

690
00:34:39,120 --> 00:34:41,760
This is an old thought.

691
00:34:41,760 --> 00:34:43,800
Thousands of years old.

692
00:34:47,120 --> 00:34:49,640
[chattering]

693
00:34:53,120 --> 00:34:56,280
[jazz music playing]

694
00:35:04,400 --> 00:35:07,240
[Michelle]
I think that eating alone

695
00:35:07,240 --> 00:35:11,240
only bolsters the little
hamsters in your head

696
00:35:11,240 --> 00:35:13,440
that are telling you what
you should and shouldn't do.

697
00:35:13,440 --> 00:35:16,200
I mean, I rarely will sit
and eat a meal alone

698
00:35:16,200 --> 00:35:19,560
without there being
some little commentary
going on in the back.

699
00:35:19,560 --> 00:35:21,240
"Well, you really
should have less of this,"

700
00:35:21,240 --> 00:35:23,320
or, "You really should
have done this or that."

701
00:35:23,320 --> 00:35:26,000
[Natalie] There we go.
Look at that beautiful bird.

702
00:35:26,000 --> 00:35:27,320
[Michelle]
Oh, that looks so good!

703
00:35:27,320 --> 00:35:28,880
But when you eat
with other people,

704
00:35:28,880 --> 00:35:31,600
you end up talking,
and bonding, and sharing.

705
00:35:31,600 --> 00:35:33,200
I like--
I just like that better.

706
00:35:33,200 --> 00:35:35,160
So you'll see that there's meat
and there's fat in here.

707
00:35:35,160 --> 00:35:37,200
You don't have to eat it,
but it's really good.

708
00:35:37,200 --> 00:35:39,600
[Lisa]
It's interesting
with the fat that's floating.

709
00:35:39,600 --> 00:35:41,960
I've become so ingrained
over the years of,

710
00:35:41,960 --> 00:35:44,280
-"Fat's no good. Fat's no good.
Don't want fat in my diet."
-[Michelle] I know.

711
00:35:44,280 --> 00:35:46,360
You know what
I mean? It's hard to like--

712
00:35:46,360 --> 00:35:48,080
[Michelle]
I thought about your face.
I'm like, "Lisa's gonna be like,

713
00:35:48,080 --> 00:35:50,200
'I cannot eat that.'"
I thought about you!

714
00:35:50,200 --> 00:35:52,280
[Lisa] Well, it all started
with Susan Powter back
in the early '90s.

715
00:35:52,280 --> 00:35:54,200
[Michelle]
Yes! With the spiky hair.

716
00:35:54,200 --> 00:35:56,320
[Lisa]
I'd go buy a fat-free cake,
and I'd eat the whole thing,

717
00:35:56,320 --> 00:35:58,280
and I'd be like,
"I'm eating fat free!"

718
00:35:58,280 --> 00:36:01,760
-[laughter]
-[Natalie] But all
of that sugar turns into fat.

719
00:36:01,760 --> 00:36:04,760
It's carbs. So, they say
it's fat-free, when really--

720
00:36:04,760 --> 00:36:07,240
[Michelle]
Yeah, when you're eating it
at the time, it's fat-free.

721
00:36:07,240 --> 00:36:09,880
-It has no fat in it.
-But what does it turn into
once it goes into your system?

722
00:36:09,880 --> 00:36:14,120
[Michelle]
Fat. More fat.

723
00:36:14,120 --> 00:36:16,760
So we're going to make
the mayonnaise.

724
00:36:16,760 --> 00:36:19,760
Basically, eggs and lemon
plus oil equals mayonnaise.

725
00:36:19,760 --> 00:36:21,440
-[Natalie] Okay! I love it.
-[Michelle] Right?

726
00:36:21,440 --> 00:36:23,640
-So let's prove it.
-[Natalie] This is olive oil.

727
00:36:23,640 --> 00:36:24,960
Yeah, I'm using olive oil.

728
00:36:24,960 --> 00:36:26,800
You want to use
a pure oil like this

729
00:36:26,800 --> 00:36:28,560
that isn't going to be toxic
to your body.

730
00:36:28,560 --> 00:36:30,760
[Lisa]
It's terrifying.
Look at all that oil.

731
00:36:30,760 --> 00:36:32,840
[Michelle]
And Lisa's scared of the oil.
It's going to be okay, Lisa!

732
00:36:32,840 --> 00:36:35,000
I'm like counting up
the Weight Watchers
points in my head.

733
00:36:35,000 --> 00:36:38,160
I would love to be able to...

734
00:36:38,160 --> 00:36:40,320
not have to count

735
00:36:40,320 --> 00:36:43,000
Weight Watchers points,
and not have to...

736
00:36:45,280 --> 00:36:50,000
be so scared
of eating sometimes, you know?

737
00:36:50,000 --> 00:36:53,040
But I'm scared of,
"If I don't do that,
then I'll gain the weight back."

738
00:36:53,040 --> 00:36:55,360
And so it's that--
It's that allowing yourself

739
00:36:55,360 --> 00:36:58,040
to have the freedom
to trust your body,

740
00:36:58,040 --> 00:37:00,760
to trust that when you do it,

741
00:37:00,760 --> 00:37:03,560
it'll be okay, because you're
eating real food.

742
00:37:03,560 --> 00:37:07,000
[Natalie]
Doing this as an act of love,

743
00:37:07,000 --> 00:37:09,440
as something we're all owed.
Remember that?

744
00:37:09,440 --> 00:37:12,240
[chattering]

745
00:37:12,240 --> 00:37:16,200
-I'm just gonna do it to taste.
-[Michelle] Oh, my God,
I'm so excited.

746
00:37:16,200 --> 00:37:19,400
To a long life
of happiness and health.

747
00:37:19,400 --> 00:37:22,040
-And friendship.
-And friendship.
Absolutely. Cheers!

748
00:37:22,040 --> 00:37:23,320
-That was fun.
-I love you girls.

749
00:37:23,320 --> 00:37:25,280
I love you too.

750
00:37:25,280 --> 00:37:27,040
[jazz music playing]

751
00:37:27,040 --> 00:37:28,920
[Nina] In the 1950s,
the nation was

752
00:37:28,920 --> 00:37:31,440
really in a panic about the
rising tide of heart disease

753
00:37:31,440 --> 00:37:33,200
that had come from pretty much
out of nowhere

754
00:37:33,200 --> 00:37:35,800
to be the nation's
leading cause of death.

755
00:37:35,800 --> 00:37:37,480
In 1955,

756
00:37:37,480 --> 00:37:39,560
President Eisenhower
himself has a heart attack,

757
00:37:39,560 --> 00:37:42,200
and he's out
of the Oval Office for 10 days.

758
00:37:42,200 --> 00:37:45,320
The nation is fixated
on this problem--

759
00:37:45,320 --> 00:37:48,240
an urgent public health problem.

760
00:37:48,240 --> 00:37:50,120
And nobody really knows what
causes heart disease. Right?

761
00:37:50,120 --> 00:37:51,880
There's a number
of different explanations:

762
00:37:51,880 --> 00:37:54,640
maybe it's a lack of vitamins,
maybe it's car exhaust.

763
00:37:54,640 --> 00:37:59,280
So into this vacuum
steps Ancel Keys...

764
00:37:59,280 --> 00:38:01,160
a pathologist from
the University of Minnesota,

765
00:38:01,160 --> 00:38:03,760
and he says,
"It's saturated fats.

766
00:38:03,760 --> 00:38:06,440
Saturated fats and cholesterol
cause heart disease."

767
00:38:06,440 --> 00:38:10,280
Of 10 men,
we can expect five to get it.

768
00:38:13,680 --> 00:38:15,280
[Nina]
And that was his hypothesis.

769
00:38:15,280 --> 00:38:17,520
He had an unshakable faith
in his own beliefs.

770
00:38:17,520 --> 00:38:21,160
He was called a bully
even by his friends.

771
00:38:21,160 --> 00:38:22,920
And he was able
to get his beliefs

772
00:38:22,920 --> 00:38:25,440
inserted into the American
Heart Association.

773
00:38:25,440 --> 00:38:28,600
So the first ever
dietary recommendations

774
00:38:28,600 --> 00:38:30,000
telling people to cut back

775
00:38:30,000 --> 00:38:31,800
on saturated fat
and dietary cholesterol

776
00:38:31,800 --> 00:38:33,480
to avoid heart disease
were issued

777
00:38:33,480 --> 00:38:36,280
by the American
Heart Association in 1961.

778
00:38:36,280 --> 00:38:38,400
That's the beginning
of the story.

779
00:38:38,400 --> 00:38:40,040
It's the tiny little acorn

780
00:38:40,040 --> 00:38:42,760
that grew into
the giant oak tree of advice

781
00:38:42,760 --> 00:38:45,840
that we have today
and that we can't back out of.

782
00:38:48,440 --> 00:38:50,680
What was the evidence
for that recommendation

783
00:38:50,680 --> 00:38:52,880
by the American
Heart Association?

784
00:38:52,880 --> 00:38:55,000
It amounted to one study,

785
00:38:55,000 --> 00:38:57,680
coincidentally performed
by Ancel Keys.

786
00:38:57,680 --> 00:38:59,280
That's the Seven
Countries Study,

787
00:38:59,280 --> 00:39:02,040
where he went to seven countries
around the world,

788
00:39:02,040 --> 00:39:04,600
mainly in Europe
but also the U.S. and Japan.

789
00:39:04,600 --> 00:39:07,400
And he sampled
nearly 13,000 men,

790
00:39:07,400 --> 00:39:10,480
and he looked at their diet,
he looked at their cholesterol,

791
00:39:10,480 --> 00:39:12,200
and then he waited to see

792
00:39:12,200 --> 00:39:14,360
who had a heart attack
or who died of heart disease.

793
00:39:14,360 --> 00:39:16,760
I mean, he had a hypothesis
that saturated fat

794
00:39:16,760 --> 00:39:19,400
caused heart disease,
and he was out to prove it.

795
00:39:21,640 --> 00:39:24,600
For one, it's very clear
that he cherry-picked
his countries.

796
00:39:24,600 --> 00:39:26,360
He had done a number
of pilot studies.

797
00:39:26,360 --> 00:39:28,960
He knew where
people were not eating
much saturated fat

798
00:39:28,960 --> 00:39:32,880
and had
low rates of heart disease,
like Yugoslavia and Italy.

799
00:39:32,880 --> 00:39:34,960
And he ignored
other countries--

800
00:39:34,960 --> 00:39:36,840
also low rates
of heart disease--

801
00:39:36,840 --> 00:39:38,440
like Germany,
Switzerland, and France

802
00:39:38,440 --> 00:39:40,600
where they ate
a lot of saturated fats.

803
00:39:40,600 --> 00:39:42,000
He didn't go to those countries,

804
00:39:42,000 --> 00:39:44,320
which would have disproven
his hypothesis.

805
00:39:44,320 --> 00:39:47,880
His study showed that
low saturated fat intake

806
00:39:47,880 --> 00:39:52,360
was associated with low rates
of heart disease. Associated.

807
00:39:52,360 --> 00:39:55,200
But it doesn't mean
that reducing saturated fat

808
00:39:55,200 --> 00:39:58,920
is what caused those people
to suffer less heart disease.

809
00:39:58,920 --> 00:40:00,600
It was also true

810
00:40:00,600 --> 00:40:02,680
that these people ate
very little sugar.

811
00:40:02,680 --> 00:40:04,760
In fact, they also found
in that study

812
00:40:04,760 --> 00:40:06,280
that what correlated best

813
00:40:06,280 --> 00:40:09,000
with cardiovascular death
was sugar.

814
00:40:09,000 --> 00:40:11,560
Then what ensued
was a tremendous amount

815
00:40:11,560 --> 00:40:14,360
of science to try
to prove Ancel Keys'

816
00:40:14,360 --> 00:40:16,600
hypothesis right.

817
00:40:16,600 --> 00:40:20,000
Billions of dollars were spent
in large clinical trials,

818
00:40:20,000 --> 00:40:21,960
the most rigorous kind
of science you can do.

819
00:40:21,960 --> 00:40:24,760
And they were done
in mental hospitals
and veterans hospitals--

820
00:40:24,760 --> 00:40:26,400
the kind of experiment
that you can't do anymore

821
00:40:26,400 --> 00:40:28,080
because it's
considered unethical.

822
00:40:28,080 --> 00:40:31,760
And at the end of billions
of dollars of research,

823
00:40:31,760 --> 00:40:35,120
they could not prove
Ancel Keys' hypothesis.

824
00:40:44,000 --> 00:40:46,920
We have lived a lie
for 50 years.

825
00:40:46,920 --> 00:40:50,560
[Marika Sboros]
Professor Timothy Noakes is
one of the very few scientists

826
00:40:50,560 --> 00:40:53,240
in the world
who have an A1 rating.

827
00:40:53,240 --> 00:40:54,960
[Reporter]
Sports scientist Timothy Noakes

828
00:40:54,960 --> 00:40:57,160
begins his defense
against unprofessional conduct.

829
00:40:57,160 --> 00:40:59,200
The charges against Noakes
were laid

830
00:40:59,200 --> 00:41:01,600
by the Association
of Dietetics in South Africa,

831
00:41:01,600 --> 00:41:03,840
after he advised
a mother on Twitter

832
00:41:03,840 --> 00:41:07,040
to ween her child
onto a low-carb, high-fat diet.

833
00:41:07,040 --> 00:41:09,320
[Marika]
The health dietitian tweeted,
"Don't listen to him!

834
00:41:09,320 --> 00:41:12,160
It's a terrible thing to say.
I'm going to report you!"

835
00:41:12,160 --> 00:41:14,680
[man]
This will seriously harm
our profession!

836
00:41:14,680 --> 00:41:17,320
The dietitian went on
and lodged a complaint

837
00:41:17,320 --> 00:41:19,640
with the Health Professions
Council of South Africa--

838
00:41:19,640 --> 00:41:24,080
that's the regulatory body--
for unprofessional conduct.

839
00:41:24,080 --> 00:41:26,520
That is the most
serious charge

840
00:41:26,520 --> 00:41:29,400
you can level
against a medical doctor.

841
00:41:29,400 --> 00:41:32,760
It's time for us to take charge
of our nation's health.

842
00:41:32,760 --> 00:41:35,760
This is a modern-day
trial of Galileo.

843
00:41:35,760 --> 00:41:39,600
[Joan Adams]
Good morning.
It's the 16th of February, 2016.

844
00:41:39,600 --> 00:41:45,160
We continue
with the official conduct
hearing against Dr. T. Noakes.

845
00:41:45,160 --> 00:41:47,480
And, Professor,
you are still under oath.

846
00:41:47,480 --> 00:41:48,840
[Noakes]
Thank you, Madam Chair.

847
00:41:48,840 --> 00:41:50,520
-[Joan] Yes.
-This is a unique event

848
00:41:50,520 --> 00:41:53,120
in the history
of modern medicine

849
00:41:53,120 --> 00:41:55,160
that a scientist
has been charged

850
00:41:55,160 --> 00:41:57,160
with giving
unconventional advice,

851
00:41:57,160 --> 00:41:59,440
and can get up there
and say, "Actually,

852
00:41:59,440 --> 00:42:01,560
it is not unconventional."

853
00:42:01,560 --> 00:42:03,240
It has been in the literature.

854
00:42:03,240 --> 00:42:05,800
[Marika]
The Association for
Dietetics in South Africa

855
00:42:05,800 --> 00:42:10,040
is very, very much
a gatekeeper of nutrition advice

856
00:42:10,040 --> 00:42:12,960
and the official dietary
guidelines of South Africa.

857
00:42:12,960 --> 00:42:15,960
It's time to look
at the results and the outcomes

858
00:42:15,960 --> 00:42:18,160
and say,
"Maybe we got it wrong."

859
00:42:18,160 --> 00:42:22,280
[Marika]
And Professor Noakes is
building a really powerful case

860
00:42:22,280 --> 00:42:25,440
for what really lies
behind the epidemic

861
00:42:25,440 --> 00:42:28,240
of non-communicable diseases
around the world.

862
00:42:28,240 --> 00:42:31,160
That's obesity, diabetes,
heart disease, cancer--

863
00:42:31,160 --> 00:42:33,360
even dementia,
that is now being called

864
00:42:33,360 --> 00:42:36,560
type III diabetes
because of its links with diet.

865
00:42:36,560 --> 00:42:38,400
I'm talking
about insulin resistance,

866
00:42:38,400 --> 00:42:40,480
which is so prevalent
in this country.

867
00:42:40,480 --> 00:42:44,520
[Marika]
What actually lies at the heart
of his case is the science,

868
00:42:44,520 --> 00:42:46,040
the wealth of evidence

869
00:42:46,040 --> 00:42:48,760
that supports low-carb,
high-fat eating,

870
00:42:48,760 --> 00:42:51,040
and equally that high-carb,

871
00:42:51,040 --> 00:42:54,400
low-fat isn't so good
for you after all.

872
00:42:54,400 --> 00:42:56,920
One of the definitive studies
of the low-fat diet

873
00:42:56,920 --> 00:42:59,560
was done in the United States
by the National Institute
of Health

874
00:42:59,560 --> 00:43:04,160
to prove that
low-fat diet reduced the risk
of cardiovascular disease,

875
00:43:04,160 --> 00:43:07,480
and they invested
$700 million into it.

876
00:43:07,480 --> 00:43:10,280
There were 48,000
post-menopausal women

877
00:43:10,280 --> 00:43:12,280
who were going
to be studied for eight years.

878
00:43:12,280 --> 00:43:13,880
They were divided
into two groups:

879
00:43:13,880 --> 00:43:16,680
40% were assigned
to the low-fat eating pattern,

880
00:43:16,680 --> 00:43:19,440
and 60% could just eat
what they liked.

881
00:43:19,440 --> 00:43:23,320
The low-fat group were told
to reduce their energy
from fat to 20%

882
00:43:23,320 --> 00:43:25,320
and from saturated fat to 7%,

883
00:43:25,320 --> 00:43:27,120
and increase their fruit
and vegetable intake

884
00:43:27,120 --> 00:43:28,720
to at least
five servings per day

885
00:43:28,720 --> 00:43:30,920
and grains to at least
six servings per day.

886
00:43:30,920 --> 00:43:33,480
So that would be the dietary
guidelines for Americans.

887
00:43:33,480 --> 00:43:35,440
And what did they find?

888
00:43:35,440 --> 00:43:38,000
After eight years,
this amazing study--

889
00:43:38,000 --> 00:43:40,680
the low-fat diet did not
significantly reduce the risk

890
00:43:40,680 --> 00:43:43,320
of coronary
heart disease, stroke,
or cardiovascular disease,

891
00:43:43,320 --> 00:43:46,360
and achieved only modest effects
on cardiovascular risk factors.

892
00:43:46,360 --> 00:43:49,400
So after all that effort,
that was the outcome.

893
00:43:51,040 --> 00:43:53,120
[Nina]
In the 35 years we've
been following the guidelines,

894
00:43:53,120 --> 00:43:55,280
animal fats are down by 17%,

895
00:43:55,280 --> 00:43:58,440
red meat down by 17%,
eggs are down by 17%,

896
00:43:58,440 --> 00:44:00,800
whole milk down by 73%!

897
00:44:00,800 --> 00:44:03,880
So, everything we've been
told to cut down on,
we have cut down,

898
00:44:03,880 --> 00:44:06,720
and everything we were told
to increase, we increased.

899
00:44:06,720 --> 00:44:08,480
Grains are up by 41%,

900
00:44:08,480 --> 00:44:10,800
vegetable oils up by 91%,

901
00:44:10,800 --> 00:44:14,240
fruit up by 13%,
vegetables up by 23%.

902
00:44:14,240 --> 00:44:17,400
So on the whole,
Americans have been
following the guidelines.

903
00:44:17,400 --> 00:44:19,960
It leads you inevitably
to the conclusion

904
00:44:19,960 --> 00:44:22,840
there must be something wrong
with the guidelines themselves.

905
00:44:24,440 --> 00:44:26,840
There were parts of the study
which were a bit worrying,

906
00:44:26,840 --> 00:44:28,800
and this was women
who were sick

907
00:44:28,800 --> 00:44:30,560
at the start
of the trial with diabetes.

908
00:44:30,560 --> 00:44:33,640
This healthy diet should
make them even healthier,

909
00:44:33,640 --> 00:44:37,160
but it didn't.
Women with diabetes did worse.

910
00:44:37,160 --> 00:44:39,440
And what I find interesting
is they never reported

911
00:44:39,440 --> 00:44:41,760
the eight-year data
on women with diabetes

912
00:44:41,760 --> 00:44:46,360
in that study,
and you have to ask, "Why?"

913
00:44:46,360 --> 00:44:49,960
[Nina] When these
study results are coming out,
they're deeply inconvenient.

914
00:44:49,960 --> 00:44:51,640
This hypothesis has been adopted

915
00:44:51,640 --> 00:44:53,960
not only by the American
Heart Association,

916
00:44:53,960 --> 00:44:56,560
but also by the National
Institutes of Health,

917
00:44:56,560 --> 00:44:58,080
the entire federal government,

918
00:44:58,080 --> 00:45:00,280
medical societies,
and a number of industries:

919
00:45:00,280 --> 00:45:03,280
the vegetable oil industry,
ADM, Monsanto, Bunge--

920
00:45:03,280 --> 00:45:05,000
some of the biggest companies
in the world--

921
00:45:05,000 --> 00:45:07,400
and the grain industry,
and the soybean industry.

922
00:45:07,400 --> 00:45:09,600
So these results had to be

923
00:45:09,600 --> 00:45:12,840
ignored somehow
or suppressed.

924
00:45:16,280 --> 00:45:19,040
[Marika]
I've been left
with a very disturbing feeling

925
00:45:19,040 --> 00:45:22,800
that this hearing was set up
from the very beginning.

926
00:45:22,800 --> 00:45:27,360
We'll adjourn tomorrow
at 10:00 sharp.

927
00:45:27,360 --> 00:45:31,400
[Marika]
There is much more at stake
than a simple tweet.

928
00:45:31,400 --> 00:45:34,760
There are powerful
vested interests.

929
00:45:34,760 --> 00:45:39,080
People stand to lose a lot--
whether it's status, money--

930
00:45:39,080 --> 00:45:42,480
in accepting
Professor Noakes' viewpoint.

931
00:45:51,240 --> 00:45:54,720
[Robert] Could you describe
what the low-carb, high-fat
pyramid would be?

932
00:45:54,720 --> 00:45:56,560
Yeah. Actually,
that's an important--

933
00:45:56,560 --> 00:46:00,080
that is maybe a graphic that,
more than any other--

934
00:46:00,080 --> 00:46:02,680
What you have to do is take
the existing food pyramid

935
00:46:02,680 --> 00:46:04,640
and turn it upside-down.

936
00:46:04,640 --> 00:46:07,560
So that everything
that used to be in the base
of the food pyramid--

937
00:46:07,560 --> 00:46:10,480
grains, carbohydrates--
really has to be up in the tip.

938
00:46:10,480 --> 00:46:13,720
And then below that are
our fruits and vegetables,

939
00:46:13,720 --> 00:46:15,640
and then the big bottom slab

940
00:46:15,640 --> 00:46:18,240
really has to be fats
and animal foods.

941
00:46:18,240 --> 00:46:20,680
That is actually what
a healthy diet looks like.

942
00:46:32,480 --> 00:46:34,920
Hi. Hi!
How are you guys doing?

943
00:46:34,920 --> 00:46:36,720
[Kate] I was so excited
to come here today

944
00:46:36,720 --> 00:46:38,760
to see if there's
any changes with Abigail.

945
00:46:38,760 --> 00:46:40,120
The first time I met her,

946
00:46:40,120 --> 00:46:42,160
she was walking on top
of the window sills...

947
00:46:42,160 --> 00:46:45,280
-She's a climber! [laughs]
-Abigail, get down!

948
00:46:45,280 --> 00:46:47,560
...flopping all around
on the couches...

949
00:46:47,560 --> 00:46:49,000
[laughter]

950
00:46:49,000 --> 00:46:51,600
-[doorbell rings]
-[Kate] She comes in and...

951
00:46:51,600 --> 00:46:55,840
-Hey, cutie!
-...she's absolutely calm.

952
00:46:55,840 --> 00:46:58,760
-[Barry] Say hi.
-[Kate] Hi, Abigail.
Do you remember me?

953
00:46:58,760 --> 00:47:00,960
It's very exciting.
Very exciting.

954
00:47:00,960 --> 00:47:03,360
[Barry]
Can you say hi?

955
00:47:03,360 --> 00:47:06,600
Seems like she's losing
some of that massive belly.

956
00:47:06,600 --> 00:47:08,960
It looked like she was,
like, constantly bloated.

957
00:47:08,960 --> 00:47:11,080
That seems to have decreased.

958
00:47:11,080 --> 00:47:12,480
Her bowels have regulated.

959
00:47:12,480 --> 00:47:14,880
They were using a laxative
every single day.

960
00:47:14,880 --> 00:47:17,480
And I don't know if you noticed
that when you're trying

961
00:47:17,480 --> 00:47:19,440
to present her something
that she doesn't want...

962
00:47:19,440 --> 00:47:22,840
-No!
-[Barry] No?

963
00:47:22,840 --> 00:47:25,800
-She's actually saying, "No."
-[Robert] Yeah, I noticed
that too, actually.

964
00:47:25,800 --> 00:47:27,960
With her mouth.
She's actually saying, "No."

965
00:47:27,960 --> 00:47:32,240
She's able to concentrate
and she's able to progress,

966
00:47:32,240 --> 00:47:37,360
because she's not
running all over the place
and she's not seizing.

967
00:47:37,360 --> 00:47:39,160
Her seizures are going down,

968
00:47:39,160 --> 00:47:42,200
and we have tangible data
from the school.

969
00:47:42,200 --> 00:47:44,400
We are actually
starting to ween her off

970
00:47:44,400 --> 00:47:47,560
of the anticonvulsory narcotic

971
00:47:47,560 --> 00:47:50,840
that she's on that
I think you guys heard

972
00:47:50,840 --> 00:47:52,720
plenty of complaints
from me about.

973
00:47:52,720 --> 00:47:57,200
There are great strides within
just five weeks. It's great.

974
00:47:57,200 --> 00:48:00,560
[Robert] What do you make
of his sort of subdued
attitude about all that?

975
00:48:00,560 --> 00:48:03,960
[laughs] They live
with Abigail day-in and day-out.

976
00:48:03,960 --> 00:48:06,120
You don't see
your children grow.

977
00:48:06,120 --> 00:48:07,720
-[Robert] Incredible news.
-[Kate] Yeah.

978
00:48:07,720 --> 00:48:09,960
-[Robert] Not big news or...?
-[Kate] Yeah.

979
00:48:09,960 --> 00:48:13,840
I have faith in bigger
and better things, man.

980
00:48:13,840 --> 00:48:16,040
[jazz music playing]

981
00:48:26,320 --> 00:48:29,640
[Sara]
All right, let me just get
my recipe for this one.

982
00:48:31,040 --> 00:48:33,120
So we're going to make
the chocolates and then--

983
00:48:33,120 --> 00:48:35,640
[Sara]
I want you to grind
the macadamia nuts.

984
00:48:35,640 --> 00:48:39,240
[narrating]
Today, we're gonna be making
two survival foods

985
00:48:39,240 --> 00:48:41,120
for somebody just starting out.

986
00:48:41,120 --> 00:48:43,560
The first one
is macadamia bread.

987
00:48:43,560 --> 00:48:45,720
-[Robert] That's
your fat bread that I saw?
-That's my fat bread.

988
00:48:45,720 --> 00:48:48,000
I'll deal with the messy part
'cause I've got the apron.

989
00:48:48,000 --> 00:48:51,120
-[Jane laughs]
-[Sara] And I'd like to make
a sugarless chocolate.

990
00:48:51,120 --> 00:48:54,160
It's something you can have
in your refrigerator

991
00:48:54,160 --> 00:48:56,240
when you just, "Ah,
I need something sweet."

992
00:48:56,240 --> 00:48:58,200
-We both needed our
little something.
-Yeah.

993
00:48:58,200 --> 00:49:00,440
I use stevia.
I don't use sugar

994
00:49:00,440 --> 00:49:02,040
because it elevates
my blood sugar.

995
00:49:02,040 --> 00:49:03,680
[Jane]
Taste it. See what you think.

996
00:49:05,600 --> 00:49:06,880
I think it's perfect.

997
00:49:06,880 --> 00:49:08,120
[Jane]
I think it's perfect too.

998
00:49:08,120 --> 00:49:09,440
I think it's perfect.

999
00:49:09,440 --> 00:49:11,400
Everybody needs
to learn a new word

1000
00:49:11,400 --> 00:49:13,320
it's called hyperinsulinemia.

1001
00:49:13,320 --> 00:49:17,880
We're going to grind the
macadamia nuts into a butter.

1002
00:49:19,160 --> 00:49:22,000
We are constantly triggering
our insulin.

1003
00:49:23,400 --> 00:49:25,360
Some people develop
type II diabetes,

1004
00:49:25,360 --> 00:49:28,000
some people develop
cardiovascular disease,

1005
00:49:28,000 --> 00:49:30,000
some people develop Alzheimer's.

1006
00:49:30,000 --> 00:49:32,120
I developed cancer.

1007
00:49:36,240 --> 00:49:40,920
In 2012, I went
for a breast MRI...

1008
00:49:40,920 --> 00:49:43,760
and something lit up
like a Christmas light.

1009
00:49:43,760 --> 00:49:47,560
I had invasive
with HER2 amplification,

1010
00:49:47,560 --> 00:49:49,760
which is a very aggressive

1011
00:49:49,760 --> 00:49:52,440
and metastatic type
of breast cancer.

1012
00:49:54,520 --> 00:49:56,240
I'm going to add
the coconut butter.

1013
00:49:56,240 --> 00:49:59,760
Cancer cells have
an Achilles' Heel.

1014
00:50:02,560 --> 00:50:04,160
You inhale oxygen,

1015
00:50:04,160 --> 00:50:06,560
your blood stream carries
oxygen throughout your body.

1016
00:50:06,560 --> 00:50:09,400
So that's an energy source
for healthy cells,

1017
00:50:09,400 --> 00:50:12,320
and that energy is used
by the mitochondria,

1018
00:50:12,320 --> 00:50:14,560
which is in the cytoplasm
of the cell.

1019
00:50:15,760 --> 00:50:17,880
But cancer cells can't do that.

1020
00:50:19,080 --> 00:50:20,800
Don't do this
if you have granite.

1021
00:50:20,800 --> 00:50:23,560
They can't get energy
from oxygen.

1022
00:50:23,560 --> 00:50:25,440
Cancer cells need
to ferment.

1023
00:50:25,440 --> 00:50:28,880
They need sugar and refined
carbohydrate to proliferate.

1024
00:50:28,880 --> 00:50:32,040
Did you ever see "Star Trek:
The Trouble with Tribbles"?

1025
00:50:32,040 --> 00:50:35,800
Okay? Do you remember
at the end they say,
"I figured it out!

1026
00:50:35,800 --> 00:50:38,960
If you don't want them to
reproduce, stop feeding them."

1027
00:50:38,960 --> 00:50:41,080
And that's what cancer is.

1028
00:50:42,880 --> 00:50:45,440
So I started
a ketogenic diet.

1029
00:50:45,440 --> 00:50:48,960
A ketogenic diet is
a high-fat, very-low-carb.

1030
00:50:48,960 --> 00:50:51,000
It's like Atkins on steroids.

1031
00:50:52,520 --> 00:50:56,920
This particular diet for cancer
means 80% healthy fats,

1032
00:50:56,920 --> 00:51:01,120
10, 12, maybe 14% protein...

1033
00:51:02,840 --> 00:51:05,840
and no more
than 12 grams carbohydrates.

1034
00:51:05,840 --> 00:51:08,520
[Jane]
Oh, yeah.
Look at how nicely it rose.

1035
00:51:08,520 --> 00:51:10,200
[Sara]
All I was looking for

1036
00:51:10,200 --> 00:51:12,280
was to prevent it
from metastasizing,

1037
00:51:12,280 --> 00:51:15,880
and, surprise of surprise,
it started shrinking.

1038
00:51:15,880 --> 00:51:17,400
My tumor started shrinking.

1039
00:51:17,400 --> 00:51:19,040
You can see
it came out gorgeous.

1040
00:51:19,040 --> 00:51:22,360
And my last MRI,
the radiologist said,

1041
00:51:22,360 --> 00:51:26,000
"Had I not known you were
diagnosed and treated,

1042
00:51:26,000 --> 00:51:28,440
"I would look at this
from another patient

1043
00:51:28,440 --> 00:51:30,480
and say,
'Nothing to see here.'"

1044
00:51:30,480 --> 00:51:33,560
[Robert]
So, you never actually
went through chemotherapy?

1045
00:51:33,560 --> 00:51:35,720
I didn't do surgery,
I didn't do chemotherapy,

1046
00:51:35,720 --> 00:51:37,600
and I didn't do radiation. No.

1047
00:51:37,600 --> 00:51:39,320
[Robert]
The headscarf is a religious--

1048
00:51:39,320 --> 00:51:40,880
Right. Yes. Absolutely.

1049
00:51:40,880 --> 00:51:42,480
No. No. I have my hair.

1050
00:51:42,480 --> 00:51:45,120
-[Robert] I don't know
how to ask that.
-I have my hair.

1051
00:51:45,120 --> 00:51:47,960
[Sara] I eat well.
I have a wonderful family.

1052
00:51:47,960 --> 00:51:49,720
I have a wonderful healthy life.

1053
00:51:49,720 --> 00:51:51,520
This can be in a doughnut pan

1054
00:51:51,520 --> 00:51:53,720
so you can make lox,
cream cheese, and bagels.

1055
00:51:53,720 --> 00:51:57,160
I've never had an illness
from the day I was diagnosed.

1056
00:51:57,160 --> 00:51:58,760
My immune system
is so good now

1057
00:51:58,760 --> 00:52:00,320
that everybody
will get sick with the flu,

1058
00:52:00,320 --> 00:52:02,680
and my grandchildren
are coughing in my face

1059
00:52:02,680 --> 00:52:05,400
and sticking their hands in
my mouth, and I don't get sick.

1060
00:52:05,400 --> 00:52:07,600
-That's the norm.
-[Sara] Yes. That is the norm.

1061
00:52:07,600 --> 00:52:11,360
[acoustic guitar playing]

1062
00:52:11,360 --> 00:52:13,840
[Sara] I'd walk into the
doctor's office, and they'd say,

1063
00:52:13,840 --> 00:52:16,600
"Ah! Our miracle patient
has arrived."

1064
00:52:16,600 --> 00:52:18,440
And that was
very disturbing to me,

1065
00:52:18,440 --> 00:52:19,960
because I didn't think--

1066
00:52:19,960 --> 00:52:21,840
you know, God runs
the world of course,

1067
00:52:21,840 --> 00:52:24,760
but I didn't think
there was anything miraculous

1068
00:52:24,760 --> 00:52:29,040
about what was happening.
I thought it was hard science.

1069
00:52:29,040 --> 00:52:32,920
What did I do that was different
from what anybody else can do?

1070
00:52:32,920 --> 00:52:36,000
And the answer
to that was the research.

1071
00:52:36,000 --> 00:52:39,280
A scientific study
changes the picture.

1072
00:52:47,720 --> 00:52:51,240
[Eugene Fine] Cancer's
described as an immensely
heterogeneous disease.

1073
00:52:51,240 --> 00:52:52,640
That's, in fact, a buzz-word

1074
00:52:52,640 --> 00:52:54,640
that's now very much
in the literature.

1075
00:52:54,640 --> 00:52:56,160
If you have a primary tumor,

1076
00:52:56,160 --> 00:52:58,160
this cell can have
this mutation,

1077
00:52:58,160 --> 00:53:00,440
and right next to it
you can have a cell that
has different mutations,

1078
00:53:00,440 --> 00:53:02,840
and the cells in the metastasis
have still different ones.

1079
00:53:02,840 --> 00:53:04,680
So, what happens is,

1080
00:53:04,680 --> 00:53:07,640
no matter how you target
your cancer therapies,

1081
00:53:07,640 --> 00:53:10,320
you're gonna end up catching
some of the mutations,

1082
00:53:10,320 --> 00:53:12,240
and then some of them are
simply going to be mutations

1083
00:53:12,240 --> 00:53:14,120
you didn't hit with
these particular therapies,

1084
00:53:14,120 --> 00:53:15,600
and then those cells
are gonna be the ones

1085
00:53:15,600 --> 00:53:17,800
that survive
and come back to get you.

1086
00:53:19,520 --> 00:53:21,400
Most cancers
are treated by cocktails

1087
00:53:21,400 --> 00:53:23,800
of multiple drugs which fail.

1088
00:53:23,800 --> 00:53:26,760
They also subject the patient
to toxic side effects

1089
00:53:26,760 --> 00:53:30,080
and poor quality of life
while it's failing.

1090
00:53:30,080 --> 00:53:32,960
But in some respects,
the more heterogeneous
the cancer gets,

1091
00:53:32,960 --> 00:53:36,000
the more it tends to converge
to a common metabolism:

1092
00:53:36,000 --> 00:53:40,040
That cancer cells depend
on glucose as a source of fuel.

1093
00:53:41,600 --> 00:53:43,160
That then could lend itself

1094
00:53:43,160 --> 00:53:46,680
to a metabolic approach
which targets just that.

1095
00:53:46,680 --> 00:53:49,920
I don't know that that's
going to be the case
in most cancers,

1096
00:53:49,920 --> 00:53:52,640
but it still doesn't
stop me from being optimistic

1097
00:53:52,640 --> 00:53:55,480
about the idea
of using diet as an adjunct

1098
00:53:55,480 --> 00:53:57,960
to chemotherapies
and other forms of therapies

1099
00:53:57,960 --> 00:54:00,160
to improve the overall efficacy
of treatment.

1100
00:54:03,560 --> 00:54:05,320
[Jason Fung]
So I can make anybody fat.

1101
00:54:05,320 --> 00:54:07,440
Insulin causes weight gain.
So for example,

1102
00:54:07,440 --> 00:54:09,480
if I prescribe insulin
to people, people gain weight.

1103
00:54:09,480 --> 00:54:12,720
I could make you obese. I just
have to give you enough insulin.

1104
00:54:13,920 --> 00:54:15,720
If you think about
what the major causes

1105
00:54:15,720 --> 00:54:17,200
of disease are

1106
00:54:17,200 --> 00:54:19,360
in the 19th century
and early 20th century,

1107
00:54:19,360 --> 00:54:21,280
what was killing people
was infections.

1108
00:54:21,280 --> 00:54:23,520
Right? So people are
dying of tuberculosis,

1109
00:54:23,520 --> 00:54:26,280
people are
dying of pneumonia.
We developed penicillin.

1110
00:54:26,280 --> 00:54:28,880
We developed all these great
drugs, so people lived.

1111
00:54:28,880 --> 00:54:31,560
The problem is that's
not our situation now.

1112
00:54:31,560 --> 00:54:34,960
So we've taken
the same attitude of,
"Here's a magic pill,"

1113
00:54:34,960 --> 00:54:37,280
and we've applied it
to a dietary disease.

1114
00:54:37,280 --> 00:54:38,680
That's insane!

1115
00:54:38,680 --> 00:54:40,240
The multi-million
dollar question is,

1116
00:54:40,240 --> 00:54:42,600
"Why is it happening?"
I mean, it's not like

1117
00:54:42,600 --> 00:54:44,640
we're deficient
in pharmaceuticals, right?

1118
00:54:44,640 --> 00:54:46,600
And we don't have
a Toujeo deficit.

1119
00:54:46,600 --> 00:54:49,240
Right now, it's really
the perfect storm.

1120
00:54:49,240 --> 00:54:52,040
I mean, we're eating
more processed food
than ever before,

1121
00:54:52,040 --> 00:54:54,440
our environment is toxic,

1122
00:54:54,440 --> 00:54:57,560
and we're leading these
incredibly stressful lives.

1123
00:54:57,560 --> 00:55:00,640
I think a lot of diseases
are really the same disease.

1124
00:55:00,640 --> 00:55:02,840
so like obesity,
type II diabetes,

1125
00:55:02,840 --> 00:55:04,480
high blood pressure,
heart disease--

1126
00:55:04,480 --> 00:55:06,840
it's all basically
the same problem.

1127
00:55:06,840 --> 00:55:09,320
[Jason]
Type II diabetes is
a dietary disease.

1128
00:55:09,320 --> 00:55:10,800
It's the leading cause
of blindness.

1129
00:55:10,800 --> 00:55:12,520
It's the leading
cause of amputations.

1130
00:55:12,520 --> 00:55:14,960
It's the leading cause
of kidney disease and dialysis.

1131
00:55:14,960 --> 00:55:16,600
It's a leading
contributor to cancer.

1132
00:55:16,600 --> 00:55:18,280
It's a leading contributor
to heart disease.

1133
00:55:18,280 --> 00:55:22,560
So, practically 70%
of what we practice

1134
00:55:22,560 --> 00:55:24,200
in modern, western medicine

1135
00:55:24,200 --> 00:55:26,440
is all related
back to your diet.

1136
00:55:26,440 --> 00:55:28,560
[Lierre Keith]
What happens when you're
eating these high-carb diets,

1137
00:55:28,560 --> 00:55:31,080
of course, there's this
constant flood of, first, sugar,

1138
00:55:31,080 --> 00:55:34,360
and then insulin,
'cause your body is,
like, freaking out.

1139
00:55:34,360 --> 00:55:36,520
"Oh, it's too high. We're going
to hit a coma point here.

1140
00:55:36,520 --> 00:55:37,960
We've got to do
something about this."

1141
00:55:37,960 --> 00:55:39,880
So out comes
the insulin.

1142
00:55:39,880 --> 00:55:43,280
[Andreas]
When you're constantly shouting
with this insulin hormone,

1143
00:55:43,280 --> 00:55:46,200
the receptors on the cell
will downregulate.

1144
00:55:46,200 --> 00:55:47,800
It's called insulin resistance.

1145
00:55:47,800 --> 00:55:49,880
The body is not
responding well to insulin.

1146
00:55:49,880 --> 00:55:52,600
It's like if you're shouting
really loudly,

1147
00:55:52,600 --> 00:55:55,720
people are going
to put their fingers
into their ears. Right?

1148
00:55:55,720 --> 00:55:59,520
And if you shout really loudly
every day for years,

1149
00:55:59,520 --> 00:56:01,920
the cells get deaf.
They don't hear it anymore.

1150
00:56:01,920 --> 00:56:03,960
Your body has to excrete
two times more,

1151
00:56:03,960 --> 00:56:06,760
five times more,
ten times more than normal

1152
00:56:06,760 --> 00:56:08,520
to get the message across.

1153
00:56:08,520 --> 00:56:12,160
And then you treat it
by injecting even more insulin.

1154
00:56:12,160 --> 00:56:15,720
And I think that's,
you know, criminally insane.

1155
00:56:21,360 --> 00:56:22,960
[Pati]
When you start on the Lantus,

1156
00:56:22,960 --> 00:56:24,840
which is
the long-acting insulin,

1157
00:56:24,840 --> 00:56:26,960
you start out
at a certain number,

1158
00:56:26,960 --> 00:56:28,560
and then you gradually
increase it

1159
00:56:28,560 --> 00:56:31,080
by like three
to five units a night,

1160
00:56:31,080 --> 00:56:32,600
based on what
your sugars are.

1161
00:56:32,600 --> 00:56:34,800
So I think
I started out at 20--

1162
00:56:34,800 --> 00:56:36,840
this is four years ago--

1163
00:56:36,840 --> 00:56:40,600
and I was up
to 55 in no time.

1164
00:56:43,520 --> 00:56:46,040
When you look
at diabetes, type II,

1165
00:56:46,040 --> 00:56:48,800
it effects every single system
in your body.

1166
00:56:48,800 --> 00:56:52,240
So it's not just the insulin
and the sugars.

1167
00:56:52,240 --> 00:56:54,640
You end up getting--
I have peripheral neuropathy

1168
00:56:54,640 --> 00:56:57,440
where I've lost feeling
in my feet.

1169
00:56:57,440 --> 00:57:00,080
I have gastroparesis.

1170
00:57:00,080 --> 00:57:02,880
I have early kidney disease.

1171
00:57:02,880 --> 00:57:06,240
I have--
um, what else?

1172
00:57:07,880 --> 00:57:10,520
I have coronary artery disease.

1173
00:57:10,520 --> 00:57:13,800
The arteries in my whole body
are pretty much affected.

1174
00:57:13,800 --> 00:57:18,240
This carotid artery
is 99% occluded,

1175
00:57:18,240 --> 00:57:22,520
meaning that I could have
a stroke...at any time.

1176
00:57:22,520 --> 00:57:25,280
-We had talked on Friday.
-Yes.

1177
00:57:25,280 --> 00:57:28,200
And so you decreased
your insulin even more?

1178
00:57:28,200 --> 00:57:30,520
Did you have
any issues this weekend?

1179
00:57:30,520 --> 00:57:33,400
-Where were your sugar levels?
-[Pati] No. No, they were...

1180
00:57:35,320 --> 00:57:37,480
They were all good.
Last night's was 91.

1181
00:57:37,480 --> 00:57:41,360
Since the two months that I've
been doing this food program...

1182
00:57:41,360 --> 00:57:44,840
-Two?
-Yeah. It may just be six weeks
that she has been here.

1183
00:57:44,840 --> 00:57:46,920
...I've lost 17 pounds.

1184
00:57:46,920 --> 00:57:48,440
And within a month,
we were able

1185
00:57:48,440 --> 00:57:52,000
to decrease her insulin
by half, even more.

1186
00:57:52,000 --> 00:57:55,560
I don't have
any more sliding-scale,
regular short-acting.

1187
00:57:55,560 --> 00:57:57,800
I have-- the long term is down

1188
00:57:57,800 --> 00:58:01,800
from 50 units
to 20 units a night...

1189
00:58:01,800 --> 00:58:04,680
which, in the long-run,
is going to save me

1190
00:58:04,680 --> 00:58:06,560
a whole bunch of change.

1191
00:58:06,560 --> 00:58:09,160
[Robert]
If things keep going
the way they are...

1192
00:58:09,160 --> 00:58:11,680
Mm-hmm.
The possibility is that

1193
00:58:11,680 --> 00:58:13,760
she could cure
her diabetes with food.

1194
00:58:15,040 --> 00:58:16,280
Can you imagine?

1195
00:58:16,280 --> 00:58:17,960
[crying]

1196
00:58:20,560 --> 00:58:22,400
I was hopeless.

1197
00:58:22,400 --> 00:58:26,400
I was just getting fatter and
fatter, and sicker and sicker.

1198
00:58:26,400 --> 00:58:30,720
I really was
at the end of my story.

1199
00:58:30,720 --> 00:58:33,760
If I could inspire
one per-- one person...

1200
00:58:35,240 --> 00:58:36,560
to stop and take a look

1201
00:58:36,560 --> 00:58:38,640
at what's happening
with their life--

1202
00:58:38,640 --> 00:58:43,600
if it's in regards to your
weight, depression, diabetes--

1203
00:58:43,600 --> 00:58:45,680
understand that there's hope.

1204
00:58:47,800 --> 00:58:50,120
[acoustic guitar playing]

1205
00:58:54,920 --> 00:58:57,440
When they rounded up
the tribes in this country

1206
00:58:57,440 --> 00:58:59,760
and put them on reservations,

1207
00:58:59,760 --> 00:59:01,880
they were starving,
and the U.S. government

1208
00:59:01,880 --> 00:59:03,480
gave them commodity foods,

1209
00:59:03,480 --> 00:59:07,680
consisted of white flour,
sugar, and lard.

1210
00:59:07,680 --> 00:59:09,640
What do you do
with white flour,

1211
00:59:09,640 --> 00:59:12,840
sugar and lard is...
you make fry bread.

1212
00:59:14,000 --> 00:59:16,440
It's our concentration
camp food.

1213
00:59:22,560 --> 00:59:25,000
[Nora]
The fait accompli of what
we call manifest destiny,

1214
00:59:25,000 --> 00:59:27,560
what happened
to all the aboriginal peoples

1215
00:59:27,560 --> 00:59:29,480
of the Earth
since European encroachment,

1216
00:59:29,480 --> 00:59:31,160
wasn't accomplished with guns.

1217
00:59:31,160 --> 00:59:32,920
It was accomplished with food.

1218
00:59:36,800 --> 00:59:42,040
Damper has become number one
food for Yolngu people. Heh.

1219
00:59:42,040 --> 00:59:44,480
Settlers, missionaries,
they gave us damper,

1220
00:59:44,480 --> 00:59:47,600
and our grandfathers,
grandmothers,

1221
00:59:47,600 --> 00:59:50,160
and all families...

1222
00:59:51,280 --> 00:59:52,640
They liked it.

1223
00:59:53,840 --> 00:59:56,280
That is looking yummy.

1224
00:59:56,280 --> 00:59:58,160
[Kama]
These modern, displacing foods

1225
00:59:58,160 --> 01:00:00,920
were being brought in
as rations by the missionaries.

1226
01:00:00,920 --> 01:00:05,440
They're very addictive things
like tobacco, sugar, and flour.

1227
01:00:05,440 --> 01:00:08,880
You must have damper
with a syrup or jam.

1228
01:00:08,880 --> 01:00:12,280
-[Robert] It's required.
Must be. [laughs]
-Must be. Always.

1229
01:00:14,000 --> 01:00:16,440
[Robert]
But even if you took
the syrup and the jam

1230
01:00:16,440 --> 01:00:19,680
and all of that stuff off of
the damper, it would still be--

1231
01:00:19,680 --> 01:00:22,200
-It would still be bad.
-[Robert] Yuranydjil,
it's still...

1232
01:00:22,200 --> 01:00:24,480
Not good. Not good.

1233
01:00:34,160 --> 01:00:36,520
Maize has become
our staple food.

1234
01:00:36,520 --> 01:00:39,000
It's called "pap"
in South Africa.

1235
01:00:39,000 --> 01:00:42,920
It's mostly prevalent in
impoverished rural communities.

1236
01:00:42,920 --> 01:00:46,440
In South Africa, that's
mostly our black population.

1237
01:00:46,440 --> 01:00:48,120
[Noakes]
So when we talk about maize

1238
01:00:48,120 --> 01:00:50,440
being the staple food
in Southern Africa,

1239
01:00:50,440 --> 01:00:52,680
we have to understand
how it got there.

1240
01:00:52,680 --> 01:00:55,120
It was a decision
by the South African government

1241
01:00:55,120 --> 01:00:57,680
to produce maize
on an industrial scale.

1242
01:00:57,680 --> 01:01:00,520
And the question is,
"Well, was that good
for our people or not?"

1243
01:01:00,520 --> 01:01:02,000
It's not indigenous.

1244
01:01:02,000 --> 01:01:03,760
It was never indigenous
to South Africa.

1245
01:01:03,760 --> 01:01:06,600
All our maize
is genetically modified,

1246
01:01:06,600 --> 01:01:09,120
it's refined,
it's high carb.

1247
01:01:09,120 --> 01:01:12,520
You might as well be eating
a bowl full of sugar.

1248
01:01:12,520 --> 01:01:15,120
And dietitians,
including the one

1249
01:01:15,120 --> 01:01:16,600
who laid the complaint

1250
01:01:16,600 --> 01:01:18,800
in the first place,
are proponents.

1251
01:01:18,800 --> 01:01:22,000
[Noakes]
And I'll argue that it was
the introduction of maize

1252
01:01:22,000 --> 01:01:25,640
and making this the staple food
which has been a problem for us.

1253
01:01:25,640 --> 01:01:27,200
[Ajay Bhoopchand]
Madame Chair. Objection.

1254
01:01:27,200 --> 01:01:29,520
I really can't see
how the details

1255
01:01:29,520 --> 01:01:32,600
about something based on
a conspiracy theory is relevant.

1256
01:01:32,600 --> 01:01:35,120
[Ravin Ramdass]
Madame Chair, in respect
of the influence

1257
01:01:35,120 --> 01:01:38,720
of industry driving
the obesity epidemic.

1258
01:01:38,720 --> 01:01:40,320
There were sponsors for ADSA.

1259
01:01:40,320 --> 01:01:41,800
There were
a number of sponsors,

1260
01:01:41,800 --> 01:01:45,040
including Kellogg's,
Pillsbury, et cetera.

1261
01:01:45,040 --> 01:01:46,920
If you work
with the flawed model

1262
01:01:46,920 --> 01:01:48,800
of just energy-in
and energy-out,

1263
01:01:48,800 --> 01:01:52,040
you forget about how
behaviors are modified,

1264
01:01:52,040 --> 01:01:54,600
you forget about
how addiction comes about,

1265
01:01:54,600 --> 01:01:59,120
you forget about how advertising
influences the whole epidemic.

1266
01:01:59,120 --> 01:02:02,120
I am submitting
that is irrelevant.

1267
01:02:02,120 --> 01:02:03,640
The objection is overruled.

1268
01:02:03,640 --> 01:02:05,520
[Ravin]
Professor Noakes,
you may proceed.

1269
01:02:05,520 --> 01:02:07,320
Thank you, Madam Chair.

1270
01:02:07,320 --> 01:02:10,120
What I learned
during the process
is the key to this debate,

1271
01:02:10,120 --> 01:02:12,200
that industry
completely controlled

1272
01:02:12,200 --> 01:02:16,280
what the information
coming out to the public was.

1273
01:02:16,280 --> 01:02:18,400
And I exposed that
in one chapter...

1274
01:02:18,400 --> 01:02:20,560
[Rangan]
These guys know
what they're doing.

1275
01:02:20,560 --> 01:02:22,600
It's not an accident--
I don't believe--

1276
01:02:22,600 --> 01:02:26,520
that people are hooked on all
this junk and processed garbage.

1277
01:02:26,520 --> 01:02:29,520
The Global Energy Balance
Network was a front
for Coca-Cola.

1278
01:02:29,520 --> 01:02:31,320
[Rangan]
There's something bigger
going on here.

1279
01:02:31,320 --> 01:02:34,560
The whole food system
needs changing.

1280
01:02:34,560 --> 01:02:38,200
[Noakes]
What Coca-Cola is doing
is to control the messaging

1281
01:02:38,200 --> 01:02:41,680
of obesity globally
by controlling the scientists.

1282
01:02:41,680 --> 01:02:45,840
One of the tactics
that industry uses
is they'll fund studies

1283
01:02:45,840 --> 01:02:48,360
that are designed
to confuse the record.

1284
01:02:48,360 --> 01:02:50,880
[Noakes]
Their goal was not
to talk about obesity.

1285
01:02:50,880 --> 01:02:53,440
Their goal was to confuse
the public, in my opinion.

1286
01:02:53,440 --> 01:02:55,360
[Nina]
Almost all
scientific conferences

1287
01:02:55,360 --> 01:02:58,400
depend on industry funding
even to discuss a subject.

1288
01:02:58,400 --> 01:03:00,760
There's no funding,
nobody's interested.

1289
01:03:00,760 --> 01:03:02,520
Nobody wants
to even talk about it.

1290
01:03:02,520 --> 01:03:05,240
It's like depriving
a field of oxygen.

1291
01:03:05,240 --> 01:03:07,680
I've repeatedly been told
that there's no evidence

1292
01:03:07,680 --> 01:03:11,320
to support
the low-carbohydrate diet.
That's incorrect.

1293
01:03:11,320 --> 01:03:13,560
This is a randomized
control trial

1294
01:03:13,560 --> 01:03:16,600
published
in 2008 by Dr. Phinney.

1295
01:03:16,600 --> 01:03:19,240
These are expensive trials,
and there's no money to do it.

1296
01:03:19,240 --> 01:03:21,840
He does not get
funding from the National
Institute of Health.

1297
01:03:21,840 --> 01:03:24,120
He has to go and raise
this money himself.

1298
01:03:24,120 --> 01:03:25,840
This is the evidence.

1299
01:03:25,840 --> 01:03:28,760
He's putting people
with a metabolic syndrome--

1300
01:03:28,760 --> 01:03:31,600
half of them
on a high-carbohydrate,
low-fat diet,

1301
01:03:31,600 --> 01:03:34,400
and the other group
on a high-fat ketogenic diet.

1302
01:03:34,400 --> 01:03:35,920
Look at the results.

1303
01:03:35,920 --> 01:03:37,640
Body mass and abdominal fat:

1304
01:03:37,640 --> 01:03:41,360
high fat outperforms
high-carbohydrate,
low-fat diet.

1305
01:03:41,360 --> 01:03:43,400
Triglycerides--
one of the key markers

1306
01:03:43,400 --> 01:03:47,200
of metabolic syndrome--
down 50% on the high-fat diet.

1307
01:03:47,200 --> 01:03:49,960
[Kate]
We tend to over-consume
carbohydrate in this country

1308
01:03:49,960 --> 01:03:51,640
because it's addicting,

1309
01:03:51,640 --> 01:03:54,680
but also because we produce it
in ridiculous amounts.

1310
01:03:54,680 --> 01:03:57,320
If you fly
from New York to L.A.,

1311
01:03:57,320 --> 01:03:59,200
the majority of what
you're flying over--

1312
01:03:59,200 --> 01:04:01,320
all those little circles
and squares on the ground--

1313
01:04:01,320 --> 01:04:04,600
that's America pumping out
carbohydrate as fast as it can.

1314
01:04:04,600 --> 01:04:07,200
That's the 30,000 foot view,
that's what's happening,

1315
01:04:07,200 --> 01:04:09,520
and that's reflected
in our grocery stores.

1316
01:04:09,520 --> 01:04:12,880
Now here's the HDLC,
which we are all taught
is the "good cholesterol."

1317
01:04:12,880 --> 01:04:15,720
What we're not
told is when you eat
a high-carbohydrate diet,

1318
01:04:15,720 --> 01:04:17,480
your good cholesterol
comes down.

1319
01:04:17,480 --> 01:04:20,000
And you go on a high-fat diet,
HDL cholesterol goes up!

1320
01:04:20,000 --> 01:04:23,680
[Nora] There isn't
a single multinational
corporation on planet Earth

1321
01:04:23,680 --> 01:04:26,480
that wouldn't stand
to profit from every man,

1322
01:04:26,480 --> 01:04:29,440
woman, and child consuming
a carbohydrate-based diet.

1323
01:04:29,440 --> 01:04:32,360
The very particles that
are damaging our arteries

1324
01:04:32,360 --> 01:04:34,680
are increased
on a high-carbohydrate diet

1325
01:04:34,680 --> 01:04:36,520
and reduced on a high-fat diet.

1326
01:04:36,520 --> 01:04:38,200
It's incredibly cheap
to produce.

1327
01:04:38,200 --> 01:04:39,480
It's highly profitable,

1328
01:04:39,480 --> 01:04:41,280
and it keeps you
perpetually hungry.

1329
01:04:41,280 --> 01:04:42,840
What could be more perfect?

1330
01:04:42,840 --> 01:04:45,240
[Noakes laughs]
Now, this is even
more remarkable.

1331
01:04:45,240 --> 01:04:47,240
Saturated fatty acids
in the bloodstream

1332
01:04:47,240 --> 01:04:49,000
which greater your risk
of heart attack.

1333
01:04:49,000 --> 01:04:51,880
Now you eat more saturated fat,

1334
01:04:51,880 --> 01:04:54,240
and the saturated fatty acids
in the bloodstream go down.

1335
01:04:54,240 --> 01:04:56,280
[Nora]
Pharmaceutical companies
are profiting from this.

1336
01:04:56,280 --> 01:04:58,360
Weight-loss industry's
profiting from this.

1337
01:04:58,360 --> 01:05:00,120
Undertakers are
making out like bandits.

1338
01:05:00,120 --> 01:05:01,680
About the only people
that aren't profiting

1339
01:05:01,680 --> 01:05:04,640
from all of this are--
are the rest of us.

1340
01:05:09,800 --> 01:05:11,800
[Barry]
All right, this is
what it looks like

1341
01:05:11,800 --> 01:05:14,680
when a yuppie tries
to approach a couple
of cows on a farm.

1342
01:05:14,680 --> 01:05:16,920
The biggest drawback
was the budget,

1343
01:05:16,920 --> 01:05:19,000
because it's very expensive
to eat healthy.

1344
01:05:19,000 --> 01:05:21,040
One of the ideas
we threw against the wall,

1345
01:05:21,040 --> 01:05:22,840
and it actually stuck was
that we were going to buy

1346
01:05:22,840 --> 01:05:24,760
a grass-fed cow.
A whole cow.

1347
01:05:24,760 --> 01:05:27,480
Emma, why don't you go
with Mom-mom to pet the cows?

1348
01:05:27,480 --> 01:05:30,400
We saved over $400.

1349
01:05:30,400 --> 01:05:32,320
[Nora]
For tens of millions of years,

1350
01:05:32,320 --> 01:05:34,480
long before we ever came along,

1351
01:05:34,480 --> 01:05:38,280
grasslands and ruminants
co-evolved.

1352
01:05:38,280 --> 01:05:41,480
Cattle are basically
designed to eat one thing
and one thing only,

1353
01:05:41,480 --> 01:05:43,560
fresh green grass.

1354
01:05:43,560 --> 01:05:47,480
Check it out! Yeah, buddy!
Grass-fed meat.

1355
01:05:47,480 --> 01:05:50,480
[Debbie]
I've got hamburger.
I've got T-bone steaks,

1356
01:05:50,480 --> 01:05:53,320
porterhouse steaks.
I've got liver.

1357
01:05:53,320 --> 01:05:55,880
I didn't like it as a kid,
but I thought,

1358
01:05:55,880 --> 01:05:59,200
"It came with the cow,
so I'm gonna see what
we can do with it."

1359
01:05:59,200 --> 01:06:00,760
The butcher, he's like,

1360
01:06:00,760 --> 01:06:02,400
"Oh, you got bones
for your dog, huh?"

1361
01:06:02,400 --> 01:06:05,480
[laughs] We're like,
"No, they're for us." Like--

1362
01:06:05,480 --> 01:06:08,680
[Nora] We used
to have 40 more species
of large herbivores

1363
01:06:08,680 --> 01:06:10,640
roaming across North America

1364
01:06:10,640 --> 01:06:12,720
before the end
of the last ice age,

1365
01:06:12,720 --> 01:06:14,760
and we had 60 million bison

1366
01:06:14,760 --> 01:06:17,400
thundering
across the Great Plains.

1367
01:06:22,720 --> 01:06:24,520
Today we have
60 million cattle

1368
01:06:24,520 --> 01:06:26,520
that are populating feedlots.

1369
01:06:29,800 --> 01:06:31,960
You know,
grain feeding of animals.

1370
01:06:31,960 --> 01:06:35,280
[cows mooing]

1371
01:06:37,240 --> 01:06:38,800
And what do grains
do to cattle?

1372
01:06:38,800 --> 01:06:40,560
They fatten them up.

1373
01:06:40,560 --> 01:06:42,960
We could take
a hint from that.

1374
01:06:42,960 --> 01:06:46,040
Roughly 97%
of all the meat produced today

1375
01:06:46,040 --> 01:06:48,280
is produced in these feedlots.

1376
01:06:49,880 --> 01:06:52,040
-[women] For the animals!
-[men] Go vegan!

1377
01:06:52,040 --> 01:06:53,880
-[women] For health!
-[men] Go vegan!

1378
01:06:53,880 --> 01:06:57,320
[Nora]
And where we hear passionate
vegetarians and vegans

1379
01:06:57,320 --> 01:06:59,040
and animal rights advocates

1380
01:06:59,040 --> 01:07:01,520
screaming about how we raise
animals for food,

1381
01:07:01,520 --> 01:07:03,200
I'm standing
right there with them.

1382
01:07:03,200 --> 01:07:07,120
It's wrong. It's unsustainable,
and it has to stop.

1383
01:07:10,000 --> 01:07:12,120
But there's
also misinformation

1384
01:07:12,120 --> 01:07:13,960
and misunderstanding
being promoted

1385
01:07:13,960 --> 01:07:15,880
by genuinely
well-meaning people.

1386
01:07:17,280 --> 01:07:19,080
What people don't understand

1387
01:07:19,080 --> 01:07:22,520
is that everything really hinges
on restoring natural systems.

1388
01:07:24,040 --> 01:07:26,080
[Robert]
Do you see that
happening in the United--

1389
01:07:26,080 --> 01:07:29,520
Like, can we reclaim
our Midwestern prairies again?
Is that possible?

1390
01:07:29,520 --> 01:07:33,080
It depends on how successful
this documentary is. Right?

1391
01:07:35,440 --> 01:07:38,160
[Robert]
You were-- You used--
You were a vegetarian.

1392
01:07:38,160 --> 01:07:41,400
Oh no. I was a vegan.
I was never a vegetarian.

1393
01:07:41,400 --> 01:07:44,760
I went from standard
American diet, vegan.

1394
01:07:47,360 --> 01:07:49,600
I think when I started
as a teenager,

1395
01:07:49,600 --> 01:07:52,680
I had very good impulses
about the world that I wanted

1396
01:07:52,680 --> 01:07:57,120
and the...ethical base
that I wanted to form

1397
01:07:57,120 --> 01:07:59,520
the actions that were my life,
that were going to be my life.

1398
01:07:59,520 --> 01:08:03,440
That hasn't changed.
So justice, and compassion,

1399
01:08:03,440 --> 01:08:05,720
and anything that
questions human hubris

1400
01:08:05,720 --> 01:08:07,000
or human entitlement--

1401
01:08:07,000 --> 01:08:08,480
those are the only values

1402
01:08:08,480 --> 01:08:10,400
that are gonna get us
to the world that we need.

1403
01:08:10,400 --> 01:08:12,000
The problem is information,

1404
01:08:12,000 --> 01:08:14,960
and with a different
collection of facts,

1405
01:08:14,960 --> 01:08:16,880
a different set of information,

1406
01:08:16,880 --> 01:08:18,920
I might have made
a very different decision.

1407
01:08:18,920 --> 01:08:20,800
If you want to reduce
your carbon footprint,

1408
01:08:20,800 --> 01:08:23,040
one of the best things
you can do is eat locally,

1409
01:08:23,040 --> 01:08:24,960
grow your own food
in your own backyard.

1410
01:08:24,960 --> 01:08:27,120
So I took this up
with a fervor.

1411
01:08:27,120 --> 01:08:31,280
I really wanted to do all this,
so I made a garden happen.

1412
01:08:31,280 --> 01:08:34,760
And pretty immediately
hit the wall of...

1413
01:08:34,760 --> 01:08:37,400
what do plants eat?

1414
01:08:37,400 --> 01:08:40,680
We're used to thinking of plants
as sort of insensate salads.

1415
01:08:40,680 --> 01:08:42,800
They actually have needs.

1416
01:08:42,800 --> 01:08:44,520
Well, I'm going to get
the organic whatever,

1417
01:08:44,520 --> 01:08:46,480
and I go to the farm store,
and I'm looking around,

1418
01:08:46,480 --> 01:08:48,360
and every single thing
that's an amendment

1419
01:08:48,360 --> 01:08:50,080
that is for fruit
like strawberries,

1420
01:08:50,080 --> 01:08:51,960
it's bone meal
and blood meal.

1421
01:08:51,960 --> 01:08:54,160
Well, where do I think
minerals come from?

1422
01:08:54,160 --> 01:08:56,080
Well, I don't know!
I've never done this before,

1423
01:08:56,080 --> 01:08:57,480
and I'm horrified!

1424
01:08:57,480 --> 01:08:59,040
I mean, I don't even
want to smell it.

1425
01:08:59,040 --> 01:09:01,120
I don't want to touch it.
It feels so unclean.

1426
01:09:01,120 --> 01:09:03,320
[Robert]
And where does this bone meal
and blood meal come from?

1427
01:09:03,320 --> 01:09:05,600
I comes from, you know--
from animals. [laughs]

1428
01:09:05,600 --> 01:09:07,520
He's like, "Where"--
it doesn't fall out of the sky.

1429
01:09:07,520 --> 01:09:09,440
I know this is
about dead animals!

1430
01:09:09,440 --> 01:09:11,800
It's horrifying to me.
What do I do?

1431
01:09:11,800 --> 01:09:13,600
I have to supply
what the soil needs,

1432
01:09:13,600 --> 01:09:16,360
and what the soil wants is
dead plants and dead animals,

1433
01:09:16,360 --> 01:09:18,720
and I can't take animals
out of that equation.

1434
01:09:18,720 --> 01:09:21,040
I mean, it's absolute hubris
to think we can.

1435
01:09:21,040 --> 01:09:24,120
That's what soil is.
That's how it evolved.

1436
01:09:25,240 --> 01:09:26,960
That's a thriving,
living community.

1437
01:09:26,960 --> 01:09:29,920
There are insects, and they want
to eat strawberries, too.

1438
01:09:29,920 --> 01:09:31,720
So either I'm going to kill them

1439
01:09:31,720 --> 01:09:33,840
or I'm going
to get some creatures
that will do it for me.

1440
01:09:33,840 --> 01:09:35,880
And I went ahead
and got chickens and ducks.

1441
01:09:35,880 --> 01:09:38,000
[quacking]

1442
01:09:38,000 --> 01:09:40,160
Again, this was
this just tremendous moment

1443
01:09:40,160 --> 01:09:42,720
of ethical
and moral meltdown.

1444
01:09:42,720 --> 01:09:44,680
So now I'm enslaving
these chickens and ducks

1445
01:09:44,680 --> 01:09:47,720
to do this terrible thing
for me, which is kill.

1446
01:09:47,720 --> 01:09:49,600
You've never seen anything
like a duck eat a slug.

1447
01:09:49,600 --> 01:09:51,120
You want to see happiness?

1448
01:09:51,120 --> 01:09:53,120
"This is what I live for,"
was what my duck said,

1449
01:09:53,120 --> 01:09:55,880
and, boy, was
she a happy little creature.
The chickens as well.

1450
01:09:55,880 --> 01:09:58,440
So they ate all the bugs for me,
and I never saw another slug.

1451
01:09:58,440 --> 01:10:00,800
Animals tell us
what they want.

1452
01:10:00,800 --> 01:10:02,920
You know, if you just
let them do what their nature

1453
01:10:02,920 --> 01:10:05,880
is to do, then they're...

1454
01:10:05,880 --> 01:10:07,320
It's not even
that they are happy,

1455
01:10:07,320 --> 01:10:08,960
it's that they are
who they should be.

1456
01:10:12,320 --> 01:10:14,200
The most destructive thing
we've done

1457
01:10:14,200 --> 01:10:16,360
is this activity
called agriculture.

1458
01:10:16,360 --> 01:10:18,360
We don't really have
a clue what goes into making

1459
01:10:18,360 --> 01:10:20,440
that corn or making that soy.

1460
01:10:20,440 --> 01:10:23,120
All we know is that
you look down on your plate,

1461
01:10:23,120 --> 01:10:25,840
and it doesn't look
like a dead thing,

1462
01:10:25,840 --> 01:10:27,520
therefore, heh,

1463
01:10:27,520 --> 01:10:29,640
it somehow must be peaceful,
and kind, and sustainable.

1464
01:10:29,640 --> 01:10:31,840
And we're utterly wrong
about this.

1465
01:10:36,880 --> 01:10:38,760
You take a piece of land

1466
01:10:38,760 --> 01:10:40,960
and you clear
every living thing off it,

1467
01:10:40,960 --> 01:10:44,560
and I'm including
the bacteria in that.

1468
01:10:44,560 --> 01:10:46,200
So all the plants and animals
that are supposed

1469
01:10:46,200 --> 01:10:48,240
to live there, they're gone.

1470
01:10:49,560 --> 01:10:52,400
Now you're going to grow
an acre of corn or wheat.

1471
01:10:52,400 --> 01:10:56,040
That corn is
going to require things
that are not there for it,

1472
01:10:56,040 --> 01:10:58,720
and you're going to have to come
from the outside and apply them.

1473
01:11:00,160 --> 01:11:01,960
It's going to take
a lot of fertilizer,

1474
01:11:01,960 --> 01:11:03,760
insecticides, and fungicides,

1475
01:11:03,760 --> 01:11:05,640
'cause you're fighting
a war. Right?

1476
01:11:05,640 --> 01:11:07,240
All those other plants

1477
01:11:07,240 --> 01:11:10,320
and all those other little
animals want to come back.

1478
01:11:10,320 --> 01:11:12,920
Now another
thing that happens is
every time you plant that corn,

1479
01:11:12,920 --> 01:11:15,560
you're destroying that soil.
A prairie or a grassland,

1480
01:11:15,560 --> 01:11:18,080
it's the perennial roots that
make channels for the rain.

1481
01:11:18,080 --> 01:11:20,800
When you only have annuals,
they don't live a long time,

1482
01:11:20,800 --> 01:11:22,880
so they don't have time
to build long roots,

1483
01:11:22,880 --> 01:11:25,440
so year-by-year,
you are drawing down that soil.

1484
01:11:28,360 --> 01:11:30,240
And then of course,
all that soil washes off.

1485
01:11:30,240 --> 01:11:31,880
If you're on any kind
of a slope,

1486
01:11:31,880 --> 01:11:33,680
it all is just going to go
into the local river,

1487
01:11:33,680 --> 01:11:37,160
and kill it with all that dirt,
so now there's no fish either.

1488
01:11:42,280 --> 01:11:44,640
In the meantime though,
while the corn is still growing,

1489
01:11:44,640 --> 01:11:47,200
you can transport it
to a miserable cow

1490
01:11:47,200 --> 01:11:49,480
living on a cement floor
inside a steel building...

1491
01:11:50,520 --> 01:11:53,000
and feed that cow
for about 60 days.

1492
01:11:53,000 --> 01:11:54,960
Past that point,
she will die from the corn

1493
01:11:54,960 --> 01:11:56,800
because it's not
her natural diet.

1494
01:11:56,800 --> 01:11:58,440
But until that point,

1495
01:11:58,440 --> 01:12:00,280
she will get really fat,
really fast.

1496
01:12:00,280 --> 01:12:03,320
And then slaughter her,
feed her to humans,

1497
01:12:03,320 --> 01:12:06,320
so you're going
to make people sick
eating this meat as well.

1498
01:12:06,320 --> 01:12:09,440
As far as I can tell,
this is nothing but death
and destruction

1499
01:12:09,440 --> 01:12:12,120
from the very beginning
to the very end of this.

1500
01:12:14,000 --> 01:12:16,720
Now I'm going
to walk you through
another scenario, which is

1501
01:12:16,720 --> 01:12:18,360
you take
the same acre of land,

1502
01:12:18,360 --> 01:12:20,160
but you don't hurt it
in any way.

1503
01:12:20,160 --> 01:12:22,880
You let it have
its own wisdom,

1504
01:12:22,880 --> 01:12:26,120
its own impulse toward life,
its own wild way.

1505
01:12:27,880 --> 01:12:31,800
And what you have is a whole
bunch of perennial plants
growing there.

1506
01:12:31,800 --> 01:12:34,720
You have a whole bunch
of really sturdy grasses.

1507
01:12:34,720 --> 01:12:36,840
You've got big birds, and you've
got ground-dwelling birds.

1508
01:12:36,840 --> 01:12:39,600
And then you've got small
mammals and larger mammals.

1509
01:12:39,600 --> 01:12:41,120
You might even have,
every once in a while,

1510
01:12:41,120 --> 01:12:42,680
a really big mammal
come across there.

1511
01:12:42,680 --> 01:12:44,760
You might have a wolf,
a bear, or somebody.

1512
01:12:44,760 --> 01:12:46,600
And in the meantime,
you've got a ruminant.

1513
01:12:49,320 --> 01:12:51,320
[moos]

1514
01:12:51,320 --> 01:12:53,200
So you've produced the same
amount of food for people.

1515
01:12:53,200 --> 01:12:55,320
You've got
the one ruminant at the end.

1516
01:12:55,320 --> 01:12:57,720
You slaughter her,
and now people can eat,

1517
01:12:57,720 --> 01:13:02,360
but that acre that is still
in that prairie, that grassland,

1518
01:13:02,360 --> 01:13:04,320
you could come back
in 10,000 years

1519
01:13:04,320 --> 01:13:06,200
and all of that life
would still be there.

1520
01:13:06,200 --> 01:13:08,240
The only thing different
would be a little more soil,

1521
01:13:08,240 --> 01:13:11,640
which is to say
a little more resilience,
a little more depth to life.

1522
01:13:11,640 --> 01:13:15,000
And that is how we lived
for 2.5 million years

1523
01:13:15,000 --> 01:13:18,440
as humans on this planet,
participating in that cycle.

1524
01:13:24,880 --> 01:13:27,840
[Joe Salatin]
We're here in the Shenandoah
Valley of Virginia,

1525
01:13:27,840 --> 01:13:30,720
and what we do
is pasture livestock.

1526
01:13:30,720 --> 01:13:32,640
[moos]

1527
01:13:32,640 --> 01:13:34,320
In nature, herbivores live

1528
01:13:34,320 --> 01:13:37,160
in large groups
and they migrate.

1529
01:13:37,160 --> 01:13:41,600
All we're doing is duplicating
that kind of migration,

1530
01:13:41,600 --> 01:13:45,920
moving the animals
across the land,

1531
01:13:45,920 --> 01:13:47,800
so that this choreography,

1532
01:13:47,800 --> 01:13:49,680
this ballet
of the pasture

1533
01:13:49,680 --> 01:13:52,680
can perform
its dance on the grass.

1534
01:13:52,680 --> 01:13:56,200
When people say eating
this way is unsustainable?

1535
01:13:56,200 --> 01:13:59,760
Oh. Listen,
it's not only sustainable,

1536
01:13:59,760 --> 01:14:02,000
it's actually
what we call regenerative.

1537
01:14:02,000 --> 01:14:06,760
It allows the grass, then, time
to regrow, to recuperate.

1538
01:14:07,800 --> 01:14:11,120
Grass is essentially
95% sunshine.

1539
01:14:11,120 --> 01:14:13,040
This takes sunbeams

1540
01:14:13,040 --> 01:14:15,640
and converts it into something
that has weight.

1541
01:14:15,640 --> 01:14:19,120
And amazingly,
the herbivore can take this,

1542
01:14:19,120 --> 01:14:21,000
ferment it in her rumen,

1543
01:14:21,000 --> 01:14:23,800
and turn this into, arguably,

1544
01:14:23,800 --> 01:14:26,480
the most nutrient-dense food
in the world.

1545
01:14:26,480 --> 01:14:30,720
Grass grows in what
I call an S-curve.

1546
01:14:30,720 --> 01:14:31,800
If you can see that 'S'.

1547
01:14:31,800 --> 01:14:33,640
So diaper down here,

1548
01:14:33,640 --> 01:14:35,520
teenage, rapid growth,

1549
01:14:35,520 --> 01:14:37,480
and then nursing home out here.

1550
01:14:37,480 --> 01:14:39,800
What we want to do
is keep this forage

1551
01:14:39,800 --> 01:14:42,840
in this rapid-growth state
as much as possible.

1552
01:14:42,840 --> 01:14:45,880
So the role
of the herbivore in nature

1553
01:14:45,880 --> 01:14:48,480
is actually to prune the grass

1554
01:14:48,480 --> 01:14:52,480
to restart that rapid
metabolic capacity.

1555
01:14:52,480 --> 01:14:57,160
This is what builds soil,
hydrates the landscape,

1556
01:14:57,160 --> 01:15:01,840
and actually sequesters carbon.
This is the system.

1557
01:15:01,840 --> 01:15:03,600
When grass is allowed

1558
01:15:03,600 --> 01:15:05,960
to be as productive
as its supposed to be,

1559
01:15:05,960 --> 01:15:08,640
it actually is
far more efficient

1560
01:15:08,640 --> 01:15:12,160
at converting solar energy
into biomass than even trees.

1561
01:15:12,160 --> 01:15:14,240
That's why
all the rich, deep soils

1562
01:15:14,240 --> 01:15:16,880
of the planet are
under prairies with herbivores.

1563
01:15:16,880 --> 01:15:19,760
And if every farm
in the world would do this,

1564
01:15:19,760 --> 01:15:22,080
we would sequester
all the carbon

1565
01:15:22,080 --> 01:15:23,680
that's been emitted
since the beginning

1566
01:15:23,680 --> 01:15:26,480
of the Industrial Age
in fewer than 10 years.

1567
01:15:28,040 --> 01:15:30,520
[Joel]
When a confinement
animal facility

1568
01:15:30,520 --> 01:15:33,120
shows a picture
of this hog factory

1569
01:15:33,120 --> 01:15:35,360
or chicken factory or whatever,

1570
01:15:35,360 --> 01:15:38,240
they're not showing
all the land that's required

1571
01:15:38,240 --> 01:15:39,800
to grow the grain
to keep it going

1572
01:15:39,800 --> 01:15:41,280
and all the land
that's required

1573
01:15:41,280 --> 01:15:44,080
to handle all the manure
that it's generating.

1574
01:15:44,080 --> 01:15:47,560
In this system,
you're seeing all that land.

1575
01:15:54,400 --> 01:15:57,240
I think a lot of industrial
agriculture thinking

1576
01:15:57,240 --> 01:16:00,240
is that the earth
is a reluctant lover.

1577
01:16:00,240 --> 01:16:03,240
Whereas, actually,
we view the earth

1578
01:16:03,240 --> 01:16:06,080
as an abundant, loving partner

1579
01:16:06,080 --> 01:16:08,520
who responds to caress,

1580
01:16:08,520 --> 01:16:10,640
who responds to care,

1581
01:16:10,640 --> 01:16:13,280
and if we will come humbly
to the land,

1582
01:16:13,280 --> 01:16:15,960
why, it's ready to give us

1583
01:16:15,960 --> 01:16:19,320
way more than we could have
wrestled from it.

1584
01:16:19,320 --> 01:16:23,240
-[honking]
-This is the mystical,
awesome cycle of life,

1585
01:16:23,240 --> 01:16:26,280
and to be able
to be this close to it

1586
01:16:26,280 --> 01:16:30,400
has a humility to it,
a perspective...

1587
01:16:31,560 --> 01:16:33,360
that is actually quite profound,

1588
01:16:33,360 --> 01:16:36,080
and actually
quite historically normal.

1589
01:16:45,800 --> 01:16:47,640
[people chattering]

1590
01:16:47,640 --> 01:16:49,400
[Barry]
Really for the past few years,

1591
01:16:49,400 --> 01:16:52,320
every time I've spent time
with my mom...

1592
01:16:53,840 --> 01:16:57,640
just her cognition
reminded me of my grandmom.

1593
01:16:57,640 --> 01:16:59,040
It was starting
to remind me

1594
01:16:59,040 --> 01:17:01,240
of those early stages
of my grandmom.

1595
01:17:01,240 --> 01:17:04,280
[Debbie]
My son just told me
not too long ago,

1596
01:17:04,280 --> 01:17:05,920
he said, "I love you,

1597
01:17:05,920 --> 01:17:08,640
"and I'm really becoming
concerned with you.

1598
01:17:08,640 --> 01:17:12,160
"You're starting
to check out of life.

1599
01:17:12,160 --> 01:17:14,680
"I see you starting
to deteriorate

1600
01:17:14,680 --> 01:17:17,800
the same way that she did.
That scares me."

1601
01:17:20,360 --> 01:17:22,640
I used to get
these horrible headaches.

1602
01:17:22,640 --> 01:17:27,000
I was battling depression.
I would just start to cry.

1603
01:17:27,000 --> 01:17:31,240
I would tell my husband,
I said, "I'm tired of this.

1604
01:17:31,240 --> 01:17:34,400
I'm just tired
of feeling like this."

1605
01:17:41,880 --> 01:17:44,920
Since we started
eating clean like this,

1606
01:17:44,920 --> 01:17:47,040
I have not had--
and I kid you not--

1607
01:17:47,040 --> 01:17:50,600
I have not had one
of those headaches. Not one.

1608
01:17:54,600 --> 01:17:57,600
My energy level,
my thought processing--

1609
01:17:57,600 --> 01:17:59,720
I mean, I've seen
remarkable changes.

1610
01:17:59,720 --> 01:18:03,160
Oh, whoa, whoa!

1611
01:18:03,160 --> 01:18:07,200
You know,
until you've been there
in that dark place,

1612
01:18:07,200 --> 01:18:11,280
you can't really grasp
the magnitude of it.

1613
01:18:11,280 --> 01:18:13,840
I have been there,
and I have lived that.

1614
01:18:13,840 --> 01:18:15,880
It's like a vicious cycle,
you know?

1615
01:18:15,880 --> 01:18:19,480
And this is, heh,
this is just so much better.

1616
01:18:19,480 --> 01:18:21,440
Does it taste
like a strawberry?

1617
01:18:21,440 --> 01:18:23,880
Was it good? Yeah?

1618
01:18:23,880 --> 01:18:26,720
[Barry]
To sit down and have
a conversation with my mom,

1619
01:18:26,720 --> 01:18:30,120
and she's clear-headed, like,
for the first time in years.

1620
01:18:30,120 --> 01:18:32,400
You gotta squirt water
down into the hole.

1621
01:18:32,400 --> 01:18:34,760
[Barry]
I feel like I've got
my mom back.

1622
01:18:34,760 --> 01:18:37,880
[Debbie]
I can't wait to see
in six months from now

1623
01:18:37,880 --> 01:18:40,880
what other changes
could there possibly be?

1624
01:18:43,360 --> 01:18:45,560
The good news is--
something that I never thought

1625
01:18:45,560 --> 01:18:47,600
I would never hear myself say--

1626
01:18:47,600 --> 01:18:50,120
that I am completely off
all insulin.

1627
01:18:50,120 --> 01:18:52,840
-Oh. Pati! Congratulations!
-Yeah. Thank you.

1628
01:18:52,840 --> 01:18:55,480
-That's incredible!
-I'll take a high five. Yeah.

1629
01:18:55,480 --> 01:18:57,800
And your blood sugars
have been completely fine?

1630
01:18:57,800 --> 01:18:59,320
It's been 10 days.

1631
01:18:59,320 --> 01:19:01,200
-Heh. Are you kidding?
-But who's counting?

1632
01:19:01,200 --> 01:19:03,480
[Robert]
How much weight
have you lost entirely?

1633
01:19:03,480 --> 01:19:04,920
Forty-five pounds so far.

1634
01:19:04,920 --> 01:19:07,480
-That's so exciting.
-Forty-five!

1635
01:19:07,480 --> 01:19:09,000
I think that's
three dress sizes.

1636
01:19:09,000 --> 01:19:11,760
I'm halfway.
I would like to lose 90, so.

1637
01:19:11,760 --> 01:19:13,560
[Robert]
I find that so fascinating,

1638
01:19:13,560 --> 01:19:15,600
that the first lines of defense
are always like,

1639
01:19:15,600 --> 01:19:17,920
"Take this pill, take that pill,
that medication."

1640
01:19:17,920 --> 01:19:20,480
And like, oh, you're
at the end of your rope,

1641
01:19:20,480 --> 01:19:22,840
and it's like, "Maybe you should
try changing what you eat."

1642
01:19:22,840 --> 01:19:27,120
Pati:
I think I always knew that,
but I don't think I knew how.

1643
01:19:27,120 --> 01:19:30,160
As much medical knowledge
as I have, even nursing--

1644
01:19:30,160 --> 01:19:32,960
I don't think they teach you
enough about nutrition.

1645
01:19:32,960 --> 01:19:35,080
I mean, that kind of makes me
a little bit embarrassed to say,

1646
01:19:35,080 --> 01:19:38,920
-but it's been a whole,
big lot of reflection.
-Good.

1647
01:19:38,920 --> 01:19:40,840
[Pati]
A whole new world opened up.

1648
01:19:40,840 --> 01:19:43,240
I think that's what was amazing
to me. I mean, I just...

1649
01:19:43,240 --> 01:19:45,520
[Robert]
Yeah. Anyway,

1650
01:19:45,520 --> 01:19:49,560
-I think that's good enough,
so thank you for that.
-I'm happy. Thank you.

1651
01:19:49,560 --> 01:19:51,880
[Robert]
There's something
implicit in all of this

1652
01:19:51,880 --> 01:19:54,720
that no one seems
to be saying.

1653
01:19:54,720 --> 01:19:58,160
The human body is
a vastly complex system,

1654
01:19:58,160 --> 01:20:02,280
but how we fuel it
is really simple.

1655
01:20:02,280 --> 01:20:04,560
If we fuel our bodies correctly,

1656
01:20:04,560 --> 01:20:08,320
then the complexity
should just take care of itself.

1657
01:20:08,320 --> 01:20:10,080
So metabolically speaking,

1658
01:20:10,080 --> 01:20:11,720
there are really only
two fuels we can use.

1659
01:20:11,720 --> 01:20:14,880
They are sugars and
carbohydrates, which is glucose,

1660
01:20:14,880 --> 01:20:17,960
and fat,
which is ketone bodies.

1661
01:20:17,960 --> 01:20:19,400
If we go with the notion

1662
01:20:19,400 --> 01:20:22,600
that fat is the fuel
that nature has intended,

1663
01:20:22,600 --> 01:20:26,680
then suddenly all the dominoes
just fall into place.

1664
01:20:32,320 --> 01:20:34,520
[Noakes]
The final part of the jigsaw.

1665
01:20:34,520 --> 01:20:38,000
We spend millions of rands
training hypertension experts,

1666
01:20:38,000 --> 01:20:40,040
obesity experts,
diabetes experts,

1667
01:20:40,040 --> 01:20:41,920
heart disease experts,

1668
01:20:41,920 --> 01:20:45,000
but they're all treating
the same condition.

1669
01:20:45,000 --> 01:20:48,120
We can continue
to teach a failed model.

1670
01:20:48,120 --> 01:20:51,800
We can continue
to train more doctors,
and build more hospitals,

1671
01:20:51,800 --> 01:20:54,560
and tell people they must eat
lots of carbohydrate--

1672
01:20:54,560 --> 01:20:57,600
a model that is causing
millions of South Africans

1673
01:20:57,600 --> 01:21:00,960
every few years
to develop type II diabetes.

1674
01:21:00,960 --> 01:21:03,320
Or we can say,
"Maybe we got it wrong."

1675
01:21:03,320 --> 01:21:05,920
Because the only people
who are suffering,

1676
01:21:05,920 --> 01:21:07,960
besides myself and my wife,

1677
01:21:07,960 --> 01:21:10,240
are the people
of South Africa.

1678
01:21:14,200 --> 01:21:15,920
Professor Noakes,
on the charge

1679
01:21:15,920 --> 01:21:17,440
of unprofessional conduct,

1680
01:21:17,440 --> 01:21:19,280
the majority
of this committee

1681
01:21:19,280 --> 01:21:21,040
find you not guilty.

1682
01:21:21,040 --> 01:21:23,800
[cheers, applause]

1683
01:21:32,760 --> 01:21:36,720
[Michelle]
♪ You've got to let it go ♪

1684
01:21:36,720 --> 01:21:40,600
♪ And watch it grow ♪

1685
01:21:40,600 --> 01:21:42,920
♪ 'Cause it takes every voice ♪

1686
01:21:42,920 --> 01:21:45,400
♪ To make this world a home... ♪

1687
01:21:45,400 --> 01:21:48,760
[Michelle]
It's been about five months
since I started eating this way.

1688
01:21:48,760 --> 01:21:51,440
My clothes fit better,
my skin is clearer,

1689
01:21:51,440 --> 01:21:53,720
my voice is clearer,
my mind is clearer.

1690
01:21:53,720 --> 01:21:56,480
-[women chatter]
-This, this is all about
the freedom you want.

1691
01:21:56,480 --> 01:21:58,720
I was having
ongoing respiratory infections

1692
01:21:58,720 --> 01:22:00,280
most of my life.

1693
01:22:00,280 --> 01:22:03,000
That has--
I haven't had a single thing.

1694
01:22:03,000 --> 01:22:04,920
No antibiotics whatsoever.

1695
01:22:04,920 --> 01:22:07,160
No antibiotics.
Haven't needed it.

1696
01:22:09,000 --> 01:22:11,400
I haven't used my inhaler

1697
01:22:11,400 --> 01:22:14,360
for about three months
for any reason whatsoever.

1698
01:22:14,360 --> 01:22:18,120
-[Natalie] I think this is cool.
-[Michelle] I did not expect
my lungs to clear out.

1699
01:22:18,120 --> 01:22:19,960
-[Lisa] But to actually sit down
and talk about--
-Yeah.

1700
01:22:19,960 --> 01:22:21,520
No more inhaler.

1701
01:22:21,520 --> 01:22:26,280
♪ From the first
until the last, connected... ♪

1702
01:22:26,280 --> 01:22:28,680
Our bodies are perfect.

1703
01:22:28,680 --> 01:22:30,840
♪ Directed we fly... ♪

1704
01:22:30,840 --> 01:22:33,040
If you don't actually
take a moment

1705
01:22:33,040 --> 01:22:36,600
to just revere
the way nature works--

1706
01:22:36,600 --> 01:22:40,040
just truly look at it,
at how perfect it is--

1707
01:22:40,040 --> 01:22:41,840
you're in for trouble.

1708
01:22:41,840 --> 01:22:46,080
♪ 'Cause if you listen
to the voice within ♪

1709
01:22:46,080 --> 01:22:49,640
♪ A melody will soon begin ♪

1710
01:22:49,640 --> 01:22:57,080
♪ And you'll feel the vibration
in your soul, ooh! ♪

1711
01:22:57,080 --> 01:23:00,160
[people singing]

1712
01:23:14,240 --> 01:23:17,200
This is my blanket and
my sheets that I born with.

1713
01:23:19,840 --> 01:23:23,560
My mom used to always make me
warm with this, like this.

1714
01:23:28,960 --> 01:23:31,360
[Robert]
A week ago you were talking
to me and you weren't--

1715
01:23:31,360 --> 01:23:34,080
your body was not
in a pleasant place for you.

1716
01:23:34,080 --> 01:23:35,920
[Yuranydjil]
No, not yet.

1717
01:23:35,920 --> 01:23:38,600
The second week,
I went out on that walk

1718
01:23:38,600 --> 01:23:41,560
and I started singing away
as I was walking,

1719
01:23:41,560 --> 01:23:44,160
and I was so happy!

1720
01:23:44,160 --> 01:23:49,920
-[music playing]
-[singing, cheering]

1721
01:23:49,920 --> 01:23:53,640
[Yuranydjil]
My body was rejoicing.

1722
01:23:53,640 --> 01:23:56,320
-[Robert] Rejoicing?
-[speaks Yolngu Matha]

1723
01:23:56,320 --> 01:23:58,360
And I felt
this is the first time

1724
01:23:58,360 --> 01:24:01,560
that I have
ever felt flexibility,

1725
01:24:01,560 --> 01:24:04,600
the refreshment inside.

1726
01:24:04,600 --> 01:24:10,120
From this time on,
I'm going to look after my body.

1727
01:24:10,120 --> 01:24:12,800
-[Robert] How's the asthma?
-[Yuranydjil] No. It's been--

1728
01:24:12,800 --> 01:24:15,720
I haven't been worrying
about it anymore.

1729
01:24:15,720 --> 01:24:18,400
It's-- I think it's gone.

1730
01:24:18,400 --> 01:24:20,040
Mmm.

1731
01:24:20,040 --> 01:24:22,320
[Kama]
You look at the problem
of indigenous health

1732
01:24:22,320 --> 01:24:25,520
and it just seems like
this massive epidemic

1733
01:24:25,520 --> 01:24:27,640
that's just so huge
and impossible,

1734
01:24:27,640 --> 01:24:29,600
and how can you find
a pathway through it?

1735
01:24:29,600 --> 01:24:32,000
So many resources
are being poured into it,

1736
01:24:32,000 --> 01:24:34,080
and I think so many Australians
are frustrated

1737
01:24:34,080 --> 01:24:36,280
about how many resources
are being poured into it,

1738
01:24:36,280 --> 01:24:37,720
we're not seeing any results,

1739
01:24:37,720 --> 01:24:39,600
and it feels like
this hopeless solution.

1740
01:24:39,600 --> 01:24:41,720
And then its crazy
when you can get people

1741
01:24:41,720 --> 01:24:43,720
in a situation where you can
change what they're eating

1742
01:24:43,720 --> 01:24:46,000
just for a few days,
and you can already see

1743
01:24:46,000 --> 01:24:47,560
these incredible improvements

1744
01:24:47,560 --> 01:24:50,360
in their wellbeing,
in their blood pressures,

1745
01:24:50,360 --> 01:24:52,720
in their blood sugar levels.
And you think,

1746
01:24:52,720 --> 01:24:55,440
-"How can it be this simple?"
-[Robert] It can't be
this simple.

1747
01:24:55,440 --> 01:24:58,040
It can't be this simple,
but it's happening.

1748
01:25:02,640 --> 01:25:04,720
[woman]
Look at that. Everywhere.

1749
01:25:08,120 --> 01:25:09,520
[Yuranydjil]
Learning all of this...

1750
01:25:09,520 --> 01:25:11,640
[sighs] so nice.

1751
01:25:14,880 --> 01:25:16,760
Human anatomy.

1752
01:25:16,760 --> 01:25:18,480
All these blood cells,

1753
01:25:18,480 --> 01:25:21,400
all these cells
that make up our body,

1754
01:25:21,400 --> 01:25:24,640
so perfectly woven together.

1755
01:25:26,840 --> 01:25:28,200
So beautiful.

1756
01:25:31,360 --> 01:25:34,440
[chattering]

1757
01:25:57,120 --> 01:26:00,000
You touch your nose.
Touch your nose.

1758
01:26:00,000 --> 01:26:01,400
Boop!

1759
01:26:03,480 --> 01:26:06,440
Boop! One more time.
She's pulling her hand.

1760
01:26:06,440 --> 01:26:09,080
Boop! That's it!
That's your nose!

1761
01:26:10,120 --> 01:26:11,520
One more time. Ready?

1762
01:26:13,200 --> 01:26:17,440
Boop!
Abigail, where's my nose?

1763
01:26:17,440 --> 01:26:20,320
-There.
-There! [laughs]

1764
01:26:20,320 --> 01:26:22,480
Silly. Nose.

1765
01:26:22,480 --> 01:26:24,440
[Barry]
It's almost like
her brain has had

1766
01:26:24,440 --> 01:26:26,480
this certain way
of functioning,

1767
01:26:26,480 --> 01:26:28,880
like biologically,
it's functioned as a brain

1768
01:26:28,880 --> 01:26:30,840
of a person with autism

1769
01:26:30,840 --> 01:26:33,400
until we started
to give her the nutrients

1770
01:26:33,400 --> 01:26:35,240
that her body
and her brain needs

1771
01:26:35,240 --> 01:26:36,920
to start functioning normally.

1772
01:26:36,920 --> 01:26:41,200
[Robert]
Can I have the block?
Can you give it to me?

1773
01:26:41,200 --> 01:26:43,080
-[Barry laughs] Good job!
-Thank you!

1774
01:26:43,080 --> 01:26:45,880
Oh, my gosh!
I never saw her do that.

1775
01:26:45,880 --> 01:26:47,200
[Robert]
Give the block to Daddy.

1776
01:26:47,200 --> 01:26:48,560
Daddy.

1777
01:26:48,560 --> 01:26:50,040
Come on, you silly.

1778
01:26:50,040 --> 01:26:53,360
-[Robert] Yes! Yay!
-[clapping]

1779
01:26:53,360 --> 01:26:56,320
Now give the blocks
to Mommy.

1780
01:26:56,320 --> 01:26:58,680
-To Mommy. Give
the blocks to Mommy.
-Mommy.

1781
01:26:58,680 --> 01:27:01,480
-[Barry] Good job! There you go.
-[Robert] Yes. Thank you.

1782
01:27:01,480 --> 01:27:04,480
[Barry]
But at this point
she's like six years behind,

1783
01:27:04,480 --> 01:27:07,400
so she's starting
at the level of a two-year-old,

1784
01:27:07,400 --> 01:27:10,960
or whatever
developmental level
that Abigail's at.

1785
01:27:15,480 --> 01:27:17,120
[Lauren] I got her
a bunch of summer clothes

1786
01:27:17,120 --> 01:27:18,880
in April
'cause it was her birthday.

1787
01:27:18,880 --> 01:27:21,520
It's probably not until July
I started putting 'em on her,

1788
01:27:21,520 --> 01:27:22,880
and they were all too big.

1789
01:27:22,880 --> 01:27:25,280
They were all a size
too big for her.

1790
01:27:26,240 --> 01:27:28,320
[Robert]
She looks amazing.

1791
01:27:28,320 --> 01:27:30,680
[Barry]
It's such an easy recipe.
I've got it memorized.

1792
01:27:30,680 --> 01:27:34,600
It's four eggs,
half a cup of almond butter,
and a cup of squash.

1793
01:27:34,600 --> 01:27:37,560
-[Robert] So no grains?
-No grains.

1794
01:27:37,560 --> 01:27:39,520
And I always melt some ghee

1795
01:27:39,520 --> 01:27:42,280
over the top of the pancakes
so she gets some fat.

1796
01:27:42,280 --> 01:27:45,440
There's a child
trapped in this body

1797
01:27:45,440 --> 01:27:49,440
that, that is, you know,
crying out to be released.

1798
01:27:49,440 --> 01:27:51,440
Hey! Heh. Hey!

1799
01:27:51,440 --> 01:27:53,560
And it's
like she's waking up.

1800
01:27:53,560 --> 01:27:55,160
[Robert laughs]
Yeah.

1801
01:27:59,800 --> 01:28:03,000
[acoustic guitar playing]

1802
01:28:17,680 --> 01:28:22,280
♪ I know a carpenter,
I know a laborer ♪

1803
01:28:22,280 --> 01:28:27,080
♪ He is my teacher,
he is my brother ♪

1804
01:28:27,080 --> 01:28:31,720
♪ I have a neighbor,
he is my savior ♪

1805
01:28:31,720 --> 01:28:36,360
♪ He doesn't waver,
he's a strong believer ♪

1806
01:28:36,360 --> 01:28:41,240
♪ I know a farmer,
I know his vision ♪

1807
01:28:41,240 --> 01:28:45,680
♪ I know his struggle,
I know his hope ♪

1808
01:28:45,680 --> 01:28:48,080
♪ They are all archetypes ♪

1809
01:28:48,080 --> 01:28:51,600
♪ People that
I might like to be ♪

1810
01:28:51,600 --> 01:28:55,280
♪ Just like in a completely
different way ♪

1811
01:28:55,280 --> 01:28:59,840
♪ And we all, all ♪

1812
01:28:59,840 --> 01:29:02,720
♪ We're coming out
of our caves ♪

1813
01:29:02,720 --> 01:29:04,800
♪ Coming out of our caves ♪

1814
01:29:04,800 --> 01:29:08,840
♪ Yes, we all, all... ♪

1815
01:29:09,960 --> 01:29:11,840
♪ Catch a swell,
catch a wave ♪

1816
01:29:11,840 --> 01:29:14,720
♪ To another inspiring place ♪

1817
01:29:14,720 --> 01:29:18,880
♪ We all, all ♪

1818
01:29:18,880 --> 01:29:21,440
♪ Coming out
of our caves ♪

1819
01:29:21,440 --> 01:29:23,480
♪ Coming out of our caves ♪

1820
01:29:23,480 --> 01:29:28,560
♪ Yes, we all, all ♪

1821
01:29:28,560 --> 01:29:30,920
♪ We're coming out
of our caves ♪

1822
01:29:30,920 --> 01:29:33,040
♪ Coming out of our caves ♪

1823
01:29:33,040 --> 01:29:37,800
♪ Ah, hey, yeah ♪

1824
01:29:39,840 --> 01:29:44,600
♪ So yeah, hey, yeah ♪

1825
01:29:44,600 --> 01:29:47,120
[vocalizing]

1826
01:29:48,600 --> 01:29:54,880
♪ Yeah! Out of our caves ♪